localization of brain lesions and prevention of damage to vital structures are important in operation of brain pathologies. despite development of many techniques including angiography, mri, sonography, and frame base stereotaxy, a more accurate localizing technique is still needed (1, 2). a step forward to achieve this goal is to develop a navigation system. in this manuscript, we explained so...

Introduction: It has been suggested physical exercise exerts neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However little information is available about the effect of endurance exercise on brain edema, inflammation and oxidant activity in diffuse TBI. Therefore, we investigated the prophylaxis effect of endurance training against oxidative damage, inflammation and brain edema assoc...

cytomegalovirus is the leading viral cause of congenital disease, often producing serious neurological deficits. cmv attacks the developing central nervous system (cns) resulting in serious brain disorders that include microencephaly, epilepsy, deafness, microgyria, mental retardation, sensory loss, motor problems, and psychiatric disturbances. in addition, cmv is a clinically important opportu...

Objective(s): Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of intellectual and cognitive disabilities. Clinically, it is essential to limit the development of cognitive impairment after TBI.  In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of gallic acid (GA) on neurological score, memory, long-term potentiation (LTP) from hippocampal dentate gyrus (hDG), brain lipid peroxidation an...

  Background: Learning disability is one of the most noticed subjects for behavioral specialists. Most of the learning difficulties are caused by senso-motor development and neurological organization. The main purpose of the present research is to examine the role of delayed perceptual-motor development and brain damage in origination of expressive writing disorder (EWD).   Methods: The studi...

Introduction: In recent years, music has been employed in many intervention and rehabilitation program to enhance cognitive abilities in patients. Numerous researches show that music therapy can help improving language skills in patients including hearing impaired. In this study, a new method of music training is introduced based on principles of neuroscience and capabilities of Persian languag...

Most research on sensitive periods has focussed on early sensory, motor, and language development, but it has recently been suggested that adolescence might represent a second ‘window of opportunity’ in brain development. Here, we explore three candidate areas of development that are proposed to undergo sensitive periods in adolescence: memory, the effects of social stress, and drug use. We des...