introduction: myelograghy is a process of instilling contrast medium to the subarachnoid space for evaluating the spinal column by radiography. there are various contrast solutions for different radiographic studies but not all of them are suitable for spinal column evaluation. conclusions: our subject recovered completely without any sequelae after receiving appropriate treatment in a multidis...

in the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of normal saline (control), histamine, mepyramine (a histamine h1-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (a histamine h2-receptor antagonist) were investigated on the formalin-induced pain in rabbits. subcutaneous (sc) injection of a formalin (100 μl, 5%) solution into the ventral surface of the right hind paw was pe...

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conclusions according to the subjective and objective results, the new method used in anatomy education had a good effect on learning of anatomy and interested students in anatomy. besides, it decreased students’ stress at exam time. it can be a complementary method for conventional methods. it is very useful for those who need retraining courses. results using present method had remarkable eff...

tubercle bacilli infect about one third of the world's population and over the past decade resurgence of tuberculosis has been a major health threat mainly due to increasing frequencies of immunosuppressive states and drug-resistant organisms. although tuberculosis is essentially a lung disease, intracranial elements become involved in 5-10% of cases either as meningitis or tumour-like masses (...

conclusions this persian version of the fim can be used as a valid, reliable, and replicable instrument for research and rehabilitation purposes in tbi patients. results the inter-rater reliability was acceptable on admission and at discharge (icc = 0.779 to 0.895). the internal consistency of fim and its subscales were excellent (α ≥ 0.97). the results for criterion validity by adjusting the v...

massive cerebral infarction is often accompanied by early death, secondary to brain edema and trans-tentorial herniation. several reports indicate beneficial effects of decompressive craniectomy in this situation, but the efficacy of this procedure is still a matter of debate. a n experimental study in a period of3 years was done on2 3 patients with brain edema due to massive cerebral infarctio...

background hyponatremia is a common disorder in patients with brain injury. it can result in acute and chronic complications providing this electrolytic disorder is not diagnosed and treated in due time. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hyponatremia in 95 patients with brain injury hospitalized in the intensive care unit in shahid beheshti hospital of kashan un...

introduction: music can elicit powerful emotional responses, the neural correlates of which have not been properly understood. an important aspect about the quality of any musical piece is its ability to elicit a sense of excitement in the listeners. in this study, we investigated the neural correlates of boredom evoked by music in human subjects. methods: we used eeg recording in nine subjects...