Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammation caused by immune cells destroy the myelin and then axon. CNS failure to complete repair results in permanent disabilities. Some types of stem cells have special potentials to repair these injuries and even cure MS. Neural crest stem cells with a mutual origin with CNS and the ability of differen...

Adult neurogenesis, a concept emergent in the late 1990s, is the generation of new neurons in the adult brain. This process occurs thank to cells who have this proliferative feature, named as Neural Stem Cells (NSCs). Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) are primary progenitors who can generate the two neural types (neurons and glia). Classically it was assumed that NSCs are only present in the embryo, but...

a neurological disorder is any disorder of the nervous system is usually due to cell loss. the ultimate goal of cns therapy is to replace lost cells and tissue. there is no neuroprotective, pharmacological and effective treatment available that restores the injury-induced loss of function. recent studies suggest that identification of adult neural stem/progenitor cells indwelling in the neuroge...

autism spectrum disorder (asd) is a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by great difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with others and using language. in the last four decades many studies have shown that immune responses in different regions of brain play an important role in asd pathogenicity. a conservative estimate based on the research suggests tha...

Adult neurogenesis, a concept emergent in the late 1990s, is the generation of new neurons in the adult brain. This process occurs thank to cells who have this proliferative feature, named as Neural Stem Cells (NSCs). Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) are primary progenitors who can generate the two neural types (neurons and glia). Classically it was assumed that NSCs are only present in the embryo, but...

in this paper the simulation of pathological behavior in gait locomotion of central nervous system (cns) diseases and effects of rehabilitation techniques are investigated. these simulations noticeably deepen the knowledge of researches in neurorehabilitation realm about the neuroscientific basis of cns treatment after a neural disorder. however, only a limited number of these simulations have ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an external mechanical injury to the brain. Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of TBI. Microglia and astrocytes play a central role in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. Numerous pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) released by microglia. In ...

Background: Ensuring adequate depth of anesthesia during surgery is essential for anesthesiologists to prevent the occurrence of unwanted alertness during surgery or failure to return to consciousness. Since the purpose of using anesthetics is to affect the central nervous system, brain signal processing such as electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to predict different levels of anesthesia....

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite extensive investigations over the past few decades, no effective therapies exist to improve the brain function in patients with TBI. Neural tissue engineering is an attractive therapeutic approach to restore the brain structure and function of damaged tissue. Bioactive motif of Stromal cell-deri...