The distribution of the apparent total energy emitted by a gamma-ray burst reflects not only the distribution of the energy actually released by the burst engine, but also the distribution of beaming angles. Using the observed energy fluences, the detection thresholds and burst redshifts for three burst samples, I calculate the best-fit parameters for lognormal and power-law distributions of th...

Power law distributions are an increasingly common model for computer science applications; for example, they have been used to describe file size distributions and inand out-degree distributions for the Web and Internet graphs. Recently, the similar lognormal distribution has also been suggested as an appropriate alternative model for file size distributions. In this paper, we briefly survey s...

We study the statistics of soft gamma repeater (SGR) bursts using a database of 187 events detected with BATSE and 837 events detected with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array; all events are from SGR 1900+14 during its 1998-1999 active phase. We find that the fluence or energy distribution of bursts is consistent with a power law of index 1.66, over 4 orders of magnitude...

BACKGROUND The species of ectoparasites that live on a specific host in a geographical region form an ectoparasite community. Species abundance distributions describe the number of individuals observed for each different species that is encountered within a community. Based on properties of the species abundance distribution, the expected total number of species present in the community can be ...

Complex adaptive systems (CAS) consist of many interacting and adapting components. Echo is a computational CAS model in which evolving agents are situated in a resource-limited environment. Different views of the notion of species within Echo are compared to biological experiments on relative species abundance, specifically to Preston's "canonical" lognormal distribution. To appear in: Complex...

Nutrient recommendations in use today are often derived from relatively old data of few studies with few individuals. However, for many nutrients, including vitamin B-12, extensive data have now become available from both observational studies and randomized controlled trials, addressing the relation between intake and health-related status biomarkers. The purpose of this article is to provide ...

This study was aimed at quantifying the impact of sampling duration and the number of measurements taken on the quality of assessing occupational exposure to toluene. To this end, a measurement database was built, based on four campaigns carried out in an industrial printing facility. Five homogeneous exposure groups (HEGs) were set up and between 120 and 290 individual measurements lasting fro...

Data from turbulent numerical simulations of the global ocean demonstrate that the dissipation of kinetic energy obeys a nearly lognormal distribution at surprisingly large horizontal scales. As the horizontal scales of resolved turbulence are larger than the ocean is deep, the KolmogorovYaglom theory for intermittency in 3D homogeneous, isotropic turbulence cannot apply: instead the downscale ...

Over 200 cases of actinide intake, occurring over the last 25 years, have been re-assessed. Cases were selected for which the intake date was known, there was both urine and faecal data and there was negligible interference from earlier intakes. The IMBA software was used to obtain a best fit to the data and establish an estimate of intake for each case. It is found that the magnitudes of the i...

We establish empirically using three different definitions of US cities that the upper tail obeys a Pareto law and not a lognormal distribution. We emphasize estimation of a switching point between the body of the city size distribution (which includes most cities) and its upper tail (which includes most of the population). For the 2000 Census Places data, in particular, our preferred model sug...