Scaling of turbulent wall-bounded flows is revealed in the gradient structures, for each Reynolds stress components. Within “dissipation” structure, an asymmetrical order exists, which we can deploy to unify scaling and transport dynamics within across these flows. There are subtle differences outer boundary conditions between channel flat-plate boundary-layer flows, modify turbulence structure...

A homomorphism from an oriented graph G to an oriented graph H is a mapping φ from the set of vertices of G to the set of vertices of H such that −−−−−−→ φ(u)φ(v) is an arc in H whenever −→ uv is an arc in G. The oriented chromatic index of an oriented graph G is the minimum number of vertices in an oriented graph H such that there exists a homomorphism from the line digraph LD(G) of G to H (th...

We consider a database composed of a set of conceptual graphs. Using conceptual graphs and graph homomorphism it is possible to build a basic query-answering mechanism based on semantic search. Graph homomorphism defines a partial order over conceptual graphs. Since graph homomorphism checking is an NP-Complete problem, the main requirement for database organizing and managing algorithms is to ...

We consider mappings between edge sets of graphs that lift tensions to tensions. Such mappings are called tension-continuous mappings (shortly mappings). Existence of a mapping induces a (quasi)order on the class of graphs, which seems to be an essential extension of the homomorphism order (studied extensively, see [10]). In this paper we study the relationship of the homomorphism and orders. W...