OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To assess the comparative effectiveness of botulinum toxin and propranolol in patients with essential vocal tremor (EVT). STUDY DESIGN Individual prospective cohort study. METHODS Study patients were recruited at the Emory Voice Center from patients seeking treatment for EVT. Exclusion criteria included current β-blocker treatment, spasmodic dysphonia, or other disease...

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin blocks acetylcholine release from nerve endings and acts as a long term, reversible inhibitor of muscle contraction as well as of salivary, sweat gland, adrenal and prostatic secretions. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether gastric submucosal injection of botulinum toxin type A reduces stimulated gastric production of HCl. METHODS Sixty-four rats w...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of electrical stimulation applied before and after botulinum toxin injection. SUBJECTS Eight healthy subjects. METHODS Both extensor digitorum brevis muscles were injected with low fixed doses of botulinum toxin. Subjects received a 20-min session of electrical stimulation before botulinum toxin injection for the right foot and after the injection for the lef...

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which causes a flaccid muscle paralysis. It is currently used for aesthetic treatments and in the focal hyperhidrosis. Recently, botulinum toxin has also been used experimentally in many other dermatological conditions with good results. OBJECTIVE To review and analyze the possible botulinum toxin off-l...

The objective of this review was to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin for cosmetic oculofacial use, published in articles during the last two decades. Article searches for relevant data were conducted in 2009 for the last two decades. Controlled studies showed statistically significant improvement in glabellar, frontal, and lateral canthal wrinkles after botulinum t...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin A for non-neurogenic urinary urge incontinence. METHODS We conducted a six-month, randomized, double-blind controlled trial involving women with urinary urge incontinence. Participants received intradetrusor injections of either botulinum toxin (100U in 10 mL) via cystoscopy or a placebo control (saline injecti...

Three patients are reported on who developed transient generalised weakness after receiving therapeutic doses of botulinum toxin for cervical dystonia (one case) and symptomatic hemidystonia (two cases) respectively. Clinical and electrophysiological findings were in keeping with mild botulism. All patients had received previous botulinum toxin injections without side effects and one patient co...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different volumes of saline vehicle on the effects of botulinum toxin type A in reducing ankle plantarflexor spasticity and improving gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN Children with cerebral palsy having ankle plantarflexor spasticity were recruited. They were divided randomly into 2 groups. Botulinum toxin...

The study provides data on two cases of foodborne botulism caused by consumption of commercial vegetable products: artichoke preserve and cream of vegetable soup. By mouse bioassay, Clostridium botulinum toxin in both the suspected food samples was detected and identified as type B toxin. The detection of C. botulinum toxin in the artichoke preserve indicates an inadequate food production techn...