Tannins and essential oils (EOs) have been previously described for their properties to mitigate ruminal methane ammonia. Their combination might be even more efficient, as they different modes of action on rumen pathways. This study aimed screen in vitro the mitigating variously combining tannins with EO a total 48 treatments: 12 single additives, 10 mg or 20 tannins/g diet, establish basal ef...

Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) is a common household plant which belongs to the family Lamiaceae and is grown in many parts of the world. It is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple or blue flowers. The two most commonly grown hardy Rosemaries are Rosmarinus officinalis 'Arp' and R. officinalis 'Madelene Hill' (syn. 'Hill Hardy'). The ot...

The chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from fresh cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) leaves was investigated by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Scolicidal activity was assayed against Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. In total, 34 compounds were identified, accounting for 98.96% of the EO. The ma...

The volatile composition of 21 herbhoneys (HHs) of 7 different botanical origins was characterised for the first time. Ultrasound solvent extraction (USE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by GC-FID/MS were successfully applied as complementary methods for monitoring the volatile plant flavours added by the bees. HHs showed significant compositional variability relate...

The chloroform extract of Valeriana wallichii (V. wallichii) rhizomes was investigated to elucidate the structures responsible for reported antileishmanial activity. Besides bornyl caffeate (1, already been reported by us previously), bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in two additional cinnamic acid derivatives 2-3 with moderate leishmanicidal activity. The structure of a novel nepetolacto...

prangos ferulacea (l.) lindl. (umbelliferae family) is a dominant species in the some partial of habitats in zagros mountains. according to ethno-botanical studies, this plant is one of the best range plants of iran. local ranchers collect green prangos while it is toxic. they then dry the plant and use it to feed their livestock, especially in winter season. this research done to analyse the c...