We present a system to compute Boolean combinations of sculptured solids The surface of each solid is represented as a collection of trimmed and untrimmed spline surfaces and a connectivity graph Based on algorithms for trapezoidation of polygons partitioning of polygons using polygonal chains surface intersection of high degree spline surfaces and ray shooting we compute the boundaries of the ...

In discussions of mathematical practice the role axiomatics has often been confined to providing the starting points for formal proofs, with little or no effect on the discovery or creation of new mathematics. For example, quite recently Patras wrote that the axiomatic method “never allows for authentic creation” (Patras 2001, 159), and similar views have been popular with philosophers of scien...

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the level of ecomomic (income or expenditure) inequality in khorasan province has been unknown. this paper tries to estimate and compare the trends of expenditure (income) inequality in khorasan province and the whole iran during 1971-2001 in two categories of urban and rural regions. for this purpose, inequality indices (gini coefficient and income deciles) were estimated parametrically. the r...

‎from hilbert's theorem of zeroes‎, ‎and from noether's ideal theory‎, ‎birkhoff derived certain algebraic concepts (as explained by tholen) that have a dual significance in general toposes‎, ‎similar to their role in the original examples of algebraic geometry‎. ‎i will describe a simple example that illustrates some of the aspects of this relationship‎. the dualization from algebra ...

This research was conducted to study the effect of gender inequality on social participation of women. The method used in this research was Ex-Post Facto and survey method. The statistical population included female students in different fields of faculty of humanities and faculty of training sciences and psychology (Islamic Azad University) Garmsar Branch in 2012-2013. Research instruments inc...