Individuals within monogamous species form bonds that may buffer against the negative effects of stress on physiology and behavior. In some species, involuntary termination of the mother-offspring bond results in increased symptoms of negative affect in the mother, suggesting that the parent-offspring bond may be equally as important as the pair bond. To our knowledge, the extent to which affec...

A model of friction during thermosonic ball bonding is reported. It is based on recent ultrasonic stress measurements during ball bonding using piezoresistive microsensors integrated below test bonding pads. At the bonding pad, the microsensor signal is a measure for the stress caused by periodic oscillation of the capillary and gold ball. The new model interpretes the oscillation in terms of a...

Objectives: Ceramics have advantages such as optimal esthetics and biocompatibility. However, in the oral environment, they are subjected to high levels of stress due to masticatory forces, saliva, thermal changes and alterations of pH, which increase their risk of fracture. Since replacement of these restorations is costly and time-consuming, composite resin is often used for intraoral repair ...