Coupled interceptive actions are understood to be the result of neural processing-and visual information-which is distinct from that used for uncoupled perceptual responses. To examine the visual information used for action and perception, skilled cricket batters anticipated the direction of balls bowled toward them using a coupled movement (an interceptive action that preserved the natural cou...

A recent study on zebrafish has shown that, by rerouting afferents from two eyes into a normally monocular brain structure, a fully functional binocular circuitry can be made to develop spontaneously.

Within the last few million years, repeated invasions from the North Pacific have brought evolutionarily divergent lineages of Macoma balthica clams into contact in the marginal and inland seas of northern Europe (Strelkov et al. 2007). These divergent M. balthica lineages now co-occur and hybridize extensively, blurring the distinction between the lineages and with some populations best descri...

Maxwell's equations imply that imaging gradients are accompanied by higher order spatially varying fields (concomitant fields) that can cause artifacts in MR imaging. The lowest order concomitant fields depend quadratically on the imaging gradient amplitude and inversely on the static field strength. Time-varying concomitant fields that accompany the readout gradients of spiral scans cause unwa...

Scientists have long studied how some animals exploit celestial cues to solve navigational tasks. Recent discoveries show how locusts obtain unambiguous information from time-dependent patterns of polarized and unpolarized light in the sky.

The Rycroft-Malone paper states that co-production relies on ‘authentic’ collaboration as a context for action. Our commentary supports and extends this assertion. We suggest that ‘authentic’ co-production involves processes where participants can ‘see’ the difference that they have made within the project and beyond. We provide examples including: the use of design in health projects which see...

The effect of ecological change on evolution has long been a focus of scientific research. The reverse--how evolutionary dynamics affect ecological traits--has only recently captured our attention, however, with the realization that evolution can occur over ecological time scales. This newly highlighted causal direction and the implied feedback loop--eco-evolutionary dynamics--is invigorating b...

The effect of multiple scattering on the broadening and the shift of the spectral lines of light propagating in a medium is investigated within Wolf’s framework. The condition for no blueshift is derived. It is shown that under the same hypothesis the property DvN11@dN is satisfied. Moreover, the no blueshift condition has been found to be closely related to the no blurring condition. These res...