BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been increasingly used in sports medicine applications. Platelets are thought to release growth factors important in wound healing, including transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, little is known about the effect of platelet activator choice on growth factor...

It has recently been demonstrated (5 a) that certain proteolyfic enzymes can cause the coagulation of blood or plasma by either of two mechanisms. Trypsin acts on prothrombin to form thrombin, and is thus the counterpart of the physiologic calcium-platelet system. Papain, however, acts directly on fibrinogen to form a fibrillar gel resembling fibrin, and is thus the counterpart of thrombin. In ...

In recent years, use of biodegradable polymers based nanoparticles has received high interest in the development of vaccines delivery vehicles. The aim of study was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) for loading Echis carinatus (EC) venom and evaluate their potential as an adjuvant and antigen delivery system on a pilot scale. CS NPs were prepared using ionic gelation method, and their ...

Patients with defective plasminogen activator inhibitor protein (PAI-1) or with PAI-1 deficiency can experience hemorrhage as a result of a hyperfibrinolysis. In these patients, a normal thrombus forms, but endogenous lysis is unchecked as tissue plasminogen activator is unopposed. Treatment includes anti-fibrinolytic agents, including oral tranexamic acid. Another treatment option is the admin...

We have investigated the fibrinolytic status of 56 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen were significantly elevated. Levels of these two substrates, along with alpha 2 macroglobulin and antithrombin III correlated with disease activity. Plasminogen activator (PA) activity was decreased in patients with severe disease. Twelve patients were given stanozolol, ...

A failure of hemostasis and consequent formation of blood clots in the circulatory system can produce severe outcomes such as stroke and myocardial infraction. Pathological development of blood clots requires clinical intervention with fibrinolytic agents such as urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase. This review deals with streptokinase as a clinically important and cost-ef...

The spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of blood is due to a labile activator which appears to be stabilized by adsorption to fibrin (Fearnley and Tweed, 1953; Fearnley, 1953; Flute, 1960). At present activator activity can be measured only indirectly through its conversion of plasminogen to plasmin which in turn causes fibrinolysis. Whatever method is used it is essential to cool the blood sampl...