In this history, I review developments leading toward the establishment of clinical chemistry in Britain. Chemical research by certain physicians occurred in the context of medical traditions founded on vitalism, distillation analysis, and limited chemical knowledge. Urine chemistry figured prominently in this period together with the analysis of kidney and bladder stones. Bright's team studyin...

Fatemeh Karimi Tabar was born in Asadabad/Hamedan (Iran) in 1986. She completed her B.Sc. in chemistry in 2008 from Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. She was graduated from M.Sc. degree in organic chemistry from Shiraz University 2010, Shiraz, Iran. She is currently Organic Chemistry Ph.D student under the supervision of prof. M.A. Zolfigol and prof. A. Khazaei in department of chemistry a...