that very often the more serious results of frostbite are directly due, not to excessive cold but to carelessly applied heat. The pathology of the disease, however, explains this apparent paradox. The prime cause of the condition, however, generally was damp clothing combined with extreme cold. Simple dry cold being seldom a cause of frost-bite by itself. The pathology of the disease is as foll...

The evolutionary processes that result in reliable links between male signals and fighting capacity have received a great deal of attention, but the proximate mechanisms underlying such connections remain understudied. We studied a large sample of male green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis) to determine whether testosterone or corticosterone predicted dewlap size and/or bite-force capacity, ...

Deficits in movement and bite force are common in patients following segmental resection of the mandible consequent to oral cancer or injury. We have previously developed a dynamic model to analyse the biomechanics of an ungrafted segmental jaw resection with unilateral muscle and joint loss and post-surgical scarring. Here, we describe an inverse-modelling algorithm for automatically predictin...

Placoderms are a diverse group of armoured fishes that dominated the aquatic ecosystems of the Devonian Period, 415-360 million years ago. The bladed jaws of predators such as Dunkleosteus suggest that these animals were the first vertebrates to use rapid mouth opening and a powerful bite to capture and fragment evasive prey items prior to ingestion. Here, we develop a biomechanical model of fo...

Introduction  Mandibular fractures represent a high percentage of all facial fractures, and the bite force is a fundamental parameter to measure the actual mandibular function and, subsequently, the masticatory efficiency and quality of life. Objectives  The purpose of the present systematic review was to verify if there is any difference in the bite forces of patients with mandibular fractures...

Intraoral devices for bite-force sensing have several applications in odontology and maxillofacial surgery, as bite-force measurements provide additional information to help understand the characteristics of bruxism disorders and can also be of help for the evaluation of post-surgical evolution and for comparison of alternative treatments. A new system for measuring human bite forces is propose...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate maxillofacial morphology and bite force in patients with severe Duchenne-type myodystrophy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The subjects included 24 men (average age, 21.5 years; range, 17 to 30 years) with Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy receiving treatment in National Ioh Hospital. Lateral and axial cephalograms were used to assess the morphology in th...

In fishes, cleaning is a mutualistic behavior wherein a species will remove and consume ectoparasites from other organisms. More than two-thirds of cleaner fishes display this behavior predominately as juveniles and discontinue cleaning as adults; such species are here referred to as 'facultative cleaners'. Whether allometric changes in morphological traits coincide with ontogenetic shifts away...

Although measuring bite force is an important indicator of the health of the masticatory system, few commercially available transducers have been validated for routine clinical use. T-Scan(®) III Occlusal Analysis System allows to record the bite force distribution, indicating its relative intensity and occlusal timing. Nevertheless, even fewer studies have evaluated the validity and reliabilit...

Alexandre Durval Lemos1 Flávia Riqueto Gambareli2 Marcia Diaz Serra2 Rafael de Liz Pocztaruk3 Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião2 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, BR 2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of Piracicaba State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, BR 3Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School of ULBRA-SO...