The ?birth control pill,? more commonly known as ?the pill,? is a form of contraception [4] taken daily in pill form and consisting of synthetic hormones [5] formulated to prevent ovulation [6], fertilization [7], and implantation [8] of a fertilized egg [9]. The US Food and Drug Administration [10] (FDA) approved the first birth control [11] pill, Enovid [12], in June 1960. It was the first co...

You wouldn't call it a long-term relationship, but the interaction between proteins and certain membrane lipids is not just a one-millisecond stand. As Hammond et al. discovered, the proteins remain attached to the lipids longer than researchers expected. The fi ndings explain how these lipids localize their effects. By temporarily hooking up with various proteins, inositol lipids in the plasma...

In This Issue In This Issue Birth control for centrioles mnis centriolus e centriolo—every centriole comes from a centriole. This statement underlies the standard model of centrosome duplication, in which daughter centrioles that will form the foundation of a new centrosome must be patterned on some kind of template provided by a mother centriole. On page 1171, Khodjakov et al. now demonstrate ...

Three laparoscopic sterilization techniques under xylazine-ketamine anesthesia were evaluated at a 10 mmHg pressure gradient of CO2 in 60 mongrel bitches, equally divided into 3 groups (A, B, and C). Laparoscopic bilateral oopherectomy was done in group A, laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy by endoclip and electrocautery in group B, and sterilization by electrocautery in group C. All of the animal...

Background: Childbirth education has existed as a formal structure and has provided preparation for childbirth with a focus on natural birth. Over time, the classes have continued to evolve but the underlying purpose remains the same: to provide prenatal preparation for pregnancy, labor and birth. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of antenatal preparation for child birth ...

Meeting postpartum contraceptive need remains a major challenge in developing countries, where the majority of women deliver at home. Using a quasi-experimental trial design, we examine the effect of integrating family planning (FP) with a community-based maternal and newborn health (MNH) program on improving postpartum contraceptive use and reducing short birth intervals <24 months. In this tw...

I examine whether New York State's Prenatal Care Assistance Program (PCAP) is associated with greater use of prenatal services and improved birth outcomes. PCAP is New York State's augmented prenatal care initiative that became a part of the Medicaid program after expansion in income eligibility thresholds in January, 1990. Data are from the linkage of Medicaid administrative files with New Yor...

Background: Premature infants undergo a lot of stressors during treatment procedures in the neonatal intensive care units which causes significant physiological changes in these neonates. Multi-sensory stimulation is a broad category of interventions designed to improve the evolutionary and physiological outcomes of premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit to minimize ...

to determine the relation between birth weight and age of presentation of type 1 diabetes and assess its risk factors, a case-control study was done on all diabetic patients under the age of 15, who were registered in shiraz diabetic center or admitted in namazi hospital. a case group of 87 diabetic patients were matched with a control group of 100 healthy individuals. birth weight ≥ 4kg was de...