Elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]) and tropospheric ozone ([O3]) have the potential to affect tree physiology and structure and hence forest water use, which has implications for climate feedbacks. We investigated how a 40% increase above ambient values in [CO2] and [O3], alone and in combination, affect tree water use of pure aspen and mixed aspen-birch forests in th...

Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3) have the potential to affect tree physiology and structure, and hence forest feedbacks on climate. Here, we investigated how elevated concentrations of CO2 (+45%) and O3 (+35%), alone and in combination, affected conductance for mass transfer at the leaf and canopy levels in pure aspen (Populus tremuloides...

We develop a new k-means clustering algorithm for data streams, which we call StreamKM++. Our algorithm computes a small weighted sample of the data stream and solves the problem on the sample using the k-means++ algorithm [1]. To compute the small sample, we propose two new techniques. First, we use a non-uniform sampling approach similar to the k-means++ seeding procedure to obtain small core...

The goal of this study is to develop an automatic supervised classification strategy and to find the necessary data sources to perform automatic tree species classification on single tree level for a large area. The derived forest map is used in a virtual forest testbed to estimate additional forest parameters like diameter at breast height and volume at single tree and stand level. A virtual f...

Forest scientists advocate the use of natural disturbance-based forest management for restoring the characteristics of old-growth forests to younger second-growth northern hardwood stands. However, prescriptions rely upon studies that have (1) not spanned the full range of conditions and species assemblages, and (2) focused primarily on contrasting old-growth andmature second-growth stands at a...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of climate change on the radial growth, wood structure and chemistry of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The materials for this study were obtained from climate change studie...

the photosynthetic capacity of Siberian white birch and Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla Sukatch. and B. platyphylla Sukatch. var. japonica Hara) were measured. Birch seedlings were raised with a CO2 partial pressure of 36 ± 0.3 Pa (i.e., ambient) or 70 ± 0.6 Pa at day/night temperatures of either 30/16 °C or 26/12 °C. Siberian birch leaves were smaller and thicker than Japanese birch l...

The study of the state green spaces in urbanized areas is important due to their sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic role harsh climatic conditions Arctic. objects research were urban-type settlement Nikel (the Murmansk region). assessment distribution tree shrub species by categories life was carried out; revealed damage leaves atmospheric emissions, insects fungi. A high degree from pollution no...

We make several conjectures concerning the relations between the orders of the torsion subgroup, the arithmetic component groups, and the cuspidal subgroup of an optimal elliptic curve. These conjectures have implications for the second part of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.

A multiphase approach that incorporates demand points aggregation, Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) and an exact method is proposed for the solution of large-scale unconditional and conditional p-median problems. The method consists of four phases. In the first phase several aggregated problems are solved with a “Local Search with Shaking” procedure to generate promising facility sites which...