Radiation damage is considered to be the major problem that still prevents imaging an individual biological molecule for structural analysis. So far, all known mapping techniques using sufficient short wavelength radiation, be it x rays or high energy electrons, circumvent this problem by averaging over many molecules. Averaging, however, leaves conformational details uncovered. Even the antici...

We address the dynamics of electronicÈvibrational excited states in isolated molecules, clusters, condensed phase and biosystems, which pertain to the phenomena of energy acquisition, storage and disposal as explored from the microscopic point of view. The advent of femtosecond dynamics opened up new horizons in the exploration of chemical and biophysical processes on the timescale of nuclear m...

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is an advanced method used globally to analyze the distribution of biomolecules on tissue cryosections without any probes. In bones, however, hydroxyapatite crystals make it difficult to determine the distribution of biomolecules using MALDI-IMS. Additionally, there is limited information regarding the use of this...

Nanoscale biosensors provide the possibility to miniaturize optic, acoustic and electric sensors to the dimensions of biomolecules. This enables approaching single-molecule detection and new sensing modalities that probe molecular conformation. Nanoscale sensors are predominantly surface-based and label-free to exploit inherent advantages of physical phenomena allowing high sensitivity without ...

Physical drug delivery through smart nanocarrier and external stimulus could lead to significant improvements of drug potency as well as noticeable decrease in unwanted side effects. Currently, many external energy sources such as light, magnetic fields, ultrasound, ...,  are under investigation as external stimulus for physical drug delivery. The purpose of this paper is to review most recent ...

Introduction Application on industrial production of biomolecules Human therapeutics from recombinant DNA technology Success story of Insulin Host used for therapeutic production Safety of the recombinant biomolecules Human monoclonal antibody Application in Agriculture Development of stress tolerant plant Development of plant having improved yield Transgenic plant as a source of bio pharmaceut...