Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic or mutagenic and are important toxic pollutants in the flue gas of boilers. Two industrial grade biomass boilers were selected to investigate the characteristics of particulate-bound PAHs: one biomass boiler retro-fitted from an oil boiler (BB1) and one specially designed (BB2) biomass boiler. One coal-fired boiler was also selected for c...

The use of coal is responsible for (1)/(5) of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Substitution of coal with biomass fuels is one of a limited set of near-term options to significantly reduce these emissions. We investigate, on a life cycle basis, 100% wood pellet firing and cofiring with coal in two coal generating stations (GS) in Ontario, Canada. GHG and criteria air pollutant emissions ar...

Great efforts have been spent to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve the efficiency of the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). This study focuses on investigating two approaches to achieve these goals. First, replace the traditional subcritical Rankine steam cycle of the overall plant with a supercritical steam cycle. Second, add different amounts of biomass as feed...

Male Syrian golden hamsters were given 15 weekly intratracheal instillations with suspensions of coal fly ash or oil fly ash. Controls were instilled with saline containing gelatine (0.5 g/100 mL) or to check particle effects with suspensions of hematite (Fe2O3). The common weekly dose was 4.5 mg/hamster. In addition, one subgroup of hamsters was treated with oil fly ash at a weekly dose of 3.0...

Graphitic carbons from the combustion of bituminous coals and, perhaps, other coal ranks, tend to capture iron and a number hazardous elements, including As, Hg, Se. Rare earth elements in fly ashes occur minerals, such as monazite, xenotime, davidite. They also sub-nm particles, probably mineral form, within Al–Si glass on investigated ashes. Just graphitic can Fe surrounding ash magnetic part...

In relation to future energy demand and fossil fuel crisis particularly in India, biomass is gaining its importance for possible utilization as co-fuel. This study focuses the use of „low temperature biomass char‟ instead of raw biomass in the blends to extract some specific advantages like lowering of grinding energy, intensification of heat energy, proper adjustment of „VM and fuel ratio‟ etc...

Biomass pellet production has increased considerably in recent years, mainly due to the demand created by policies and bioenergy-use targets in the European Union (EU). Global biomass pellet production was 24.1 million tonne (Mt) in 2014. In this study, a preliminary attempt has been made to assess the techno-economic feasibility of biomass pellets for electricity generation in India produced f...

Chloride content is a critical problem for the reuse of incineration bottom ash as raw material in cement. The effect of dechlorination procedure largely depends on the existence form of the chlorides. However, limited information about the distribution and identity of chlorides in bottom ash can be obtained by bulk analysis methods. In this paper, the investigation towards a more comprehensive...