The progress made in DNA markers technology has been tremendous and exciting. DNA markers have provided valuable tools in various analysis ranging from polygenetic analysis to the positional cloning of genes. The development of high density molecular maps which has been facilitated by the PCR-based markers have made the mapping of almost any trait possible. The size and structure of the wheat g...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revolutionized the field of diagnostics, and today it has routine applications in medical, veterinary, forensic and botanical sciences. The fields of biological control and insect pest management have generally been slow to adopt PCR-based diagnostics in comparison with other fields of science. However, there has been increasing interest in the use of molecul...

In order to study floristic and molecular classification of common wild wheat (Triticum boeoticum Boiss.), an analysis was conducted on populations of the Triticum boeoticum collected from different regions of Iran. Considering all floristic compositions of habitats, six floristic groups (syntaxa) within the populations were identified. A high level of variation of T. boeoticum also detected us...

Genetic improvement in animals and plants for food consumption has been practised and realised since domestication. Intensive improvement, increasingly with incorporation of genetic principles, has been undertaken for a century or more. Much of this has been highly intensive and effective, notably in poultry. There are consequently concerns that genetic variation is being exhausted and continue...

SUMMARY 1) The use of presence/absence data is a valid method for comparing communities from hard shore marine environments where the biota is relatively sessile. It is an extensively used method in botanical surveys and its use should be extended into the marine environment. 2) Blackhead had the highest species richness and the widest range of species diversity, suggesting a diversity of habit...

Herbal drug technology is used for converting botanical materials into medicines, where standardization and quality control with proper integration of modern scientific techniques and traditional knowledge is important. The use of chromatographic techniques and marker compounds to standardize botanical preparations has limitations because of their variable sources and chemical complexity. DNA-b...

Molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) is currently being employed in two areas of rice breeding at the University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) in Stuttgart. Presently the objective of the program is to accelerate the development of rice cultivars with improved cooking quality and rice blast disease resistance using two well-characterized molecular markers. A co-domi...

There is a great demand for herbal medicines in the developed and developing countries because of their wide biological activity, higher safety margin than synthetic drugs as a result of this Herbal drugs have a great potential in the global market. Herbal drug technology is used for converting botanicals materials into medicines, where standardization and quality control with proper integratio...

Conservation genetics of forest tree species takes advantage from the availability of molecular markers. Depending on the processes that need to be analysed, molecular markers may provide extremely useful information to monitor processes related to adaptation and migration. Markers must be carefully selected depending on the specific question. Some examples are provided and usefulness of molecu...

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