THIS investigation was started in an attempt to produce a simple, self-recording method of examining the central visual field that is readily performed at a reading distance, for example at the bedside or desk. A specially-designed chart incorporating a grid system, a pen, and a good light are the only necessary items of equipment. The use of a grid is based on the chart described by Amsler (19...

The present study provides the first ultrastructural data on digenean Gonocerca phycidis belonging to family Gonocercidae. Live adults were collected from stomach of marine fish Gephyroberyx darwinii (Teleostei: Trachichthyidae) caught in Atlantic Ocean, off Dakar (Senegal). This is also report G. Senegal and this fish. mature spermatozoon exhibits (i) two axonemes with 9 + ‘1’ pattern Trepaxon...

This study quantified the behavior of 11 tigers during periodic access to an exercise pen throughout the day and night. The study determined the amount of time spent in the pen and the percentage of time spent performing stereotypic pacing, normal locomotor behavior, and lying down while in the pen. Average access to the exercise pen was 10 hr 49 min overnight and 5 hr 30 min during the day. At...

We have an ethical and scientific obligation to Refine all aspects of the life of the laboratory-housed dog. Across industry there are many differences amongst facilities, home pen design and husbandry, as well as differences in features of the dogs such as strain, sex and scientific protocols. Understanding how these influence welfare, and hence scientific output is therefore critical. A signi...

In early mitosis, microtubules can be generated at kinetochores as well as at spindle poles. However, the role and regulation of kinetochore-derived microtubules have been unclear. In general, metaphase spindle microtubules are oriented such that their plus ends bind to kinetochores. However, we now have evidence that, during early mitosis in budding yeast, microtubules are generated at kinetoc...

Microtubules are highly dynamic structures assembled from tubulin proteins. They play critical roles in cell division, transport and mobility. To study the assembly/disassembly of microtubules living cells, we selected BtubA/B as our model protein. two tubulin-like proteins bacterial genus Prosthecobacter, which show high sequence identity to mammalian alpha/beta tubulins but do not strongly in...

Here we investigated whether the sensitivity of microtubules to severing by katanin is regulated by acetylation of the microtubules. During interphase, fibroblasts display long microtubules with discrete regions rich in acetylated tubulin. Overexpression of katanin for short periods of time produced breaks preferentially in these regions. In fibroblasts with experimentally enhanced or diminishe...