This paper investigates the low-frequency response of a multi-stage bioelectric amplifier intended for use in the measurement of the electrocardiogram (ECG) using dry contact electrodes. These electrodes have an impedance which is typically an order of magnitude greater than that of the standard disposable self-adhesive electrodes used in clinical ECG recording. The design was undertaken with t...

1. A preparation is described consisting of one or several layers of innervated cells of the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus. 2. Each plaque is multiply innervated and only at its caudal face. The nerve fibers may derive from two or more different nerve trunks. 3. During activity the innervated face becomes negative relative to the non-innervated. 4. The first electrical response of ...

Osmotic challenge of airways alters the bioelectric properties of the airway epithelium and induces the release of factors that modulate smooth muscle tone. Recent studies in our laboratory suggested that methacholine-contracted airways relax in response to incremental increases in osmolarity, rather than from cell shrinkage or absolute solute concentration. In the present study, guinea pig tra...

The shape of an animal body plan is constructed from protein components encoded by the genome. However, bioelectric networks composed of many cell types have their own intrinsic dynamics, and can drive distinct morphological outcomes during embryogenesis and regeneration. Planarian flatworms are a popular system for exploring body plan patterning due to their regenerative capacity, but despite ...

Understanding mechanisms that orchestrate cell behavior into appropriately patterned tissues and organs within the organism is an essential element of preventing, detecting and treating cancer. Bioelectric signals (resting transmembrane voltage potential gradients in all cells) underlie an important and broadly conserved set of control mechanisms that regulate pattern formation. We tested the r...

This paper presents the design and Implementation of a novel CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier using capacitive neutralization feedback transconductance techniques for bioelectric signal enhancement. The proposed amplifier also implements indirect current feedback, operating at 3-volt supply. With compact footprint 0.062mm² on chip, achieves an impressive bandwidth 4.2MHz 85 dB CMRR. Implemented 0...

The hybrid assistive limb (HAL) exoskeleton provides rehabilitation of the motor skills of chronic spinal chord injury (SCI) patients as well as alleviation of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP). The HAL device uses bioelectric signals to activate robotic support of voluntary movement during bodyweight supported treadmill training (BWSTT).