Regulatory monitoring for most antibiotic residues in edible poultry tissues is often accomplished with accurate, although expensive and technically demanding, chemical analytical techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine if a simple, inexpensive bioassay could detect fluoroquinolone (FQ) residues in chicken muscle above the FDA established tolerance (300 ppb) comparable to a liquid...

Induction of mixis (sexual reproduction) in rotifers of the genus Brachionus is believed to be triggered by a chemical that is released into the water and accumulates at high population densities. However, direct and conclusive evidence for this hypothesis is thus far lacking. In this study, two mass cultures of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were monitored as they grew from low to high popu...

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is considered one of the most destructive insect pests that can attack several vegetable crops worldwide. behavior choosing a host plant by be significantly influenced volatile organic compounds. aim this investigation to identify and bioassay compounds emitted from uninfested infested eggplant leaves with B. tabaci. current study focuses on interaction between ident...

Pasteuria penetrans has .been identified as an important biological control agent of root-knot nematodes. In this study the use of tally thresholds was evaluated for estimating P. penetrans endospore attachment to second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. A tally threshold (T) is defined as the maximum number of individuals in a sample unit that may be treated as absent based on binomial ...

Botulinum neurotoxin C1 (BoNt C1) and its corresponding gene were detected in seven aquatic habitats covering a range of low (LR) to high risk (HR) avian botulism outbreak areas during a study period of 10 months. Toxin and gene in sediment and avian faecal samples were analysed before (in situ) and after cultivation (in vitro) by a newly adapted ELISA, the common mouse bioassay and by a recent...

Growth promoters play an important role in the animal agriculture industry as they facilitate to improve productivity mainly through reduction of pathogenic bacterial load in the gut. Ban and restrictions on the usage of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) due to public health concerns has made it essential to search alternatives from the herbal sources. But at the same time it is tricky to choos...

In pharmaceutical drug discovery and agricultural crop product discovery, in vivo bioassay experiments are used to identify promising compounds for further research. The reproducibility and accuracy of the bioassay is crucial to be able to correctly distinguish between active and inactive compounds. In the case of agricultural product discovery, a replicated dose-response of commercial crop pro...

Currently, the only accepted assay with which to detect active Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin is an in vivo mouse bioassay. The mouse bioassay is sensitive and robust and does not require specialized equipment. However, the mouse bioassay is slow and not practical in many settings, and it results in the death of animals. Here, we describe an in vitro cleavage assay for SNAP-25 (synaptosome-as...

In the Fourth National Policy Document on Water Management in The Netherlands, it is defined that in 2003, in addition to the assessment of chemical substances, special guidelines for the assessment of dredged material should be recorded. The assessment of dredged material is based on integrated chemical and biological effect measurements. Among others, the DR CALUX (dioxin responsive-chemicall...

Establishment of the nitrogen-fixing nodulation symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia requires plant-wide reprogramming to allow infection and development of nodules. Nodulation is regulated principally via a mechanism called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). AON is dependent on shoot and root factors and is maintained by the nodulation autoregulation receptor kinase (NARK) in soybean. We de...