Introduction The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was initially identified as a circulating humoral system with the effector peptide,angiotensin II (Ang II),generated by an enzymatic cascade. Angiotensinogen, which is synthesised in the liver,is cleaved by renin,a product of the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, to form angiotensin I (Ang I), which in turn is cleaved by angiotensin-converting ...

The number of both naturally occurring and synthesized biologically active cyclic peptides, modified peptides, and peptide mimics is rapidly increasing. So far, many of these sometimes biologically very potent peptides have unfortunately unknown molecular targets or mechanisms of action. This certainly opens up very interesting and challenging research areas with respect to uncovering these tar...

This study presents an analytical method for the screening of snake venoms for inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and a strategy for their rapid identification. The method is based on an at-line nanofractionation approach, which combines liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS), and pharmacology in one platform. After initial LC separation of a crude venom, a post-c...

The amphibian skin contains various bioactive molecules (peptides, proteins, steroids, alkaloids, opiods) that possess potent therapeutic activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antidiabetic, antineoplastic, analgesic and sleep inducing properties. Research on amphibian skin derived biomolecules can provide potential clue towards newer drug development to combat various pathop...

Short synthetic oligopeptides based on regions of human proteins that encompass functional motifs are versatile reagents for understanding protein signaling and interactions. They can either mimic or inhibit the parent protein's activity and have been used in drug development. Peptide studies typically either derive peptides from a single identified protein or (at the other extreme) screen rand...

Proteins of animal origin represent physiologically active components in the human diet; they exert a direct action or constitute a substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis upon food processing and consumption. Bioactive peptides may descend from the hydrolysis by digestive enzymes, enzymes endogenous to raw food materials, and enzymes from microorganisms added during food processing. Milk proteins h...

Present study highlights on isolation of bioactive peptide from the sesame protein hydrolysate with an objective of better utilization sesame meal. Sesame protein isolate was enzymatically modified to prepare sesame protein hydrolysate using enzyme ‘Protease A Amano 2G’ in an enzyme membrane reactor and the hydrolysate was subsequently fractionated by ultrafiltration using membranes of decreasi...

Antioxidative and antihypertensive bioactive peptides were successfully derived from Parkia speciosa seed using alcalase. The effects of temperature (25 and 50 °C), substrate-to-enzyme ratio (S/E ratio, 20 and 50), and incubation time (0.5, 1, 2 and 5h) were evaluated based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ...

In recent years, much attention has been paid to physiological functions of foods due to increasing concerns for health. Although there has been limited information of physiological functions of meat until recently, several attractive meat-based bioactive compounds, such as carnosine, anserine, l-carnitine, conjugated linoleic acid, have been studied. Emphasizing these activities is one possibl...