Cholesterol gallstone disease, so common in the western world, ‘has consider&le medical and economic importance. Under normal physiological conditions, cholesterol is held in solution in the bile. If the solubility of cholesterol in bile is changed, cholesterol crystals will precipitate and lead to the formation of gallstones. The solubility of cholesterol in bile depends on three major lipid c...

Studies of hepatic bile formation reported in 1958 established that it was an osmotically generated water flow. Intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate established a high correlation between hepatic bile flow and bile acid excretion. Secretin, a hormone that stimulates bicarbonate secretion, was also found to increase hepatic bile flow. The sources of the water entering the biliary system w...

The molecular pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) liver disease is unknown. This study investigates its earliest pathophysiological manifestations employing a mouse model carrying DeltaF508, the commonest human CF mutation. We hypothesized that, if increased bile salt spillage into the colon occurs as in the human disease, then this should lead to a hydrophobic bile salt profile and to "hyperb...

Bile acids are generated in the liver and are traditionally recognized for their regulatory role in multiple metabolic processes including bile acid homeostasis, nutrient absorption, and cholesterol homeostasis. Recently, bile acids emerged as signaling molecules that, as ligands for the bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and TGR5, activate and integrate multiple complex signaling p...

Conjugates of bilirubin were studied in normal bile of man and rat, and in bile of liver patients. In general human bile was obtained by duodenal intubation. In addition T-tube bile was examined in patients operated on for mechanical obstruction. The bile pigment compositions of duodenal and T-tube bile were similar in two patients where comparison was possible. Obstruction of the bile duct in ...

conclusions this study showed that the frequency of bilin was low among iranian patients with psc. high bilirubin and ca19-9 can be predictors of the development of bile duct epithelial changes in patients with psc. background primary sclerosing cholangitis (psc) as one of the most common chronic cholestatic liver diseases is a main predisposing factor for the development of cholangiocarcinoma ...

background bile duct injuries (bdi) during cholecystectomy are now being recognized as major health problems. objectives herein, we present our experience with handling major bdis and report long-term outcome of hepaticojejunostomies followed by trans-jejunal hepatic duct stenting performed to reconstruct extra-hepatic biliary tracts. materials and methods in this case series, we prospectively ...