A simple and efficient one-pot method for the preparation of aromatic iodides has been developed by sequential diazotization–iodination of aromatic amines employing sodium nitrite and sodium iodide in the presence of acidic ionic liquid N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonum hydrosulfate ([H-NMP]HSO4). The diazonium salts that are formed by this ionic liquid are stable at room temperature and r...

Amiloride-insensitive sodium taste transduction is severely limited by large anions (i.e., gluconate). We found that in a brief-access taste test, sodium-depleted rats exhibited similar levels of increased licking to several sodium salts regardless of anion but did not increase licking to nonsodium salts compared with water. The enhanced licking of sodium salts was abolished in the presence of ...

H EIDENHAIN (I) first demonstrated that the concentration of inorganic salts in the submaxillary saliva of dogs varies in proportion to the secretory rate. Gregersen and Ingalls (2) showed that the concentration of sodium increases with increasing rates of secretion, whereas the concentration of potassium is independent of salivary flow. This finding has been confirmed by later investigators wo...

Lithium concentrations in the serum of patients undergoing therapy with lithium salts were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum was diluted 10-fold with water. Physiological amounts of sodium and potassium were included in the blank and standard solutions because these cations enhance the lithium signal by 2%. Calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate at the concentra...

The aim of the review was to summarize the literature over the last 25 years regarding bicarbonate administration in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms "bicarbonates" and "cardiac arrest", limited to human studies and reviews published in English (or at least with a meaningful abstract in English) in the last 25 years. Clinical and experimental data ra...

In this paper, we report the reaction of isoamyl alcohol and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene was carried out in a batch reactor under aqueous-organic biphasic conditions using the techniques like phase transfer catalysis and ultrasound irradiation. Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) was employed as the phase transfer catalyst. The reaction is greatly enhanced by adding a small quantity of phase-transfer...

Understanding soil evaporation in reforestation processes in an area of extreme drought is important. We examined the effects of drip-irrigated, high-salinity groundwater on the formation of soil salt crusts and subsequent soil evaporation in the Taklimakan Desert Highway Shelterbelt. Soil evaporation was measured using micro-lysimeters (MLS, 20 cm in length × 10 cm in diameter), and chemical c...

The Wet Chemistry Laboratory on the Phoenix Mars Lander performed aqueous chemical analyses of martian soil from the polygon-patterned northern plains of the Vastitas Borealis. The solutions contained approximately 10 mM of dissolved salts with 0.4 to 0.6% perchlorate (ClO4) by mass leached from each sample. The remaining anions included small concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate, and possib...

In this paper the writers present results which they obtained, for the most part, in making a comparative study of disinfectants that, might be used by poultrymen, a fact which accounts for the choice of test organisms and various other details of the technic. Although, as the title implies, this work was done chiefly with the hydroxide, carbonate, and phosphate of sodium, the paper also report...

In the present study the treatment efficiency of O3 and UV+O3 processes were compared for the oxidation of simulated dyebath effluent containing a mixture of a reactive dye (C.I. Reactive Blue 19) and various dye auxiliary chemicals. The color, COD and TOC removal rates were assessed for different processes. The effect of initial dye concentration and presence of sodium hydroxide and sodium car...