Kussmaul's (1969) formulation of acoustic scattering problems involves the superposition of a double-layer distribution and a simple-layer distribution on the boundary.This ensured the existence of a unique solution for all wave numbers of the incoming wave. However,the boundary integral equation involves a highly singular kernel which proves difficult to treat numerically. An alternative appro...

An understanding of fluid mechanical concepts is important for a variety of biological areas from biological oceanography to locomotion (swimming and flight) to cardiovascular physiology to diffusion within cells and across cell membranes. While graduate students in biomechanical areas are usually encouraged to take courses within engineering schools, the interests of undergraduate biology majo...