Detection and recognition of traffic signs is an essential task of regulating the traffic, guiding and warning driver’s pedestrians. In traffic sign detection research are categorized into three groups. The first group of researchers believes that traffic sign detection colors are important information by which traffic signs can be detected and classified. The second group believes that detecti...

We propose a dynamic logic of lying, wherein a 'lie that ϕ' (where ϕ is a formula in the logic) is an action in the sense of dynamic modal logic, that is interpreted as a state transformer relative to the formula ϕ. The states that are being transformed are pointed Kripke models encoding the uncertainty of agents about their beliefs. Lies can be about factual propositions but also about modal f...

The standard framework for analyzing games with incomplete information models players as if they have an infinite depth of reasoning. This paper generalizes the type spaces of Harsanyi (1967–1968) so that players can have a finite depth of reasoning. The innovation is that players can have a coarse perception of the higher-order beliefs of other players, thus formalizing the small-world idea of...

We propose a database model that allows users to annotate a database with belief statements. Our motivation comes from scientific database applications, where a community of users is working together to assemble, revise, and curate a shared data repository. As the community accumulates knowledge and the database content evolves over time, it may contain conflicting information and members can d...

BACKGROUND Regarding controversial medical services, many have argued that if physicians cannot in good conscience provide a legal medical intervention for which a patient is a candidate, they should refer the requesting patient to an accommodating provider. This study examines what US physicians think a doctor is obligated to do when the doctor thinks it would be immoral to provide a referral....

on an eye-witness account of conditions in a geriatric ward, says 'it is a catalogue of cruelty, callousness, filth and depersonalisation'. He believes the aged mental patient is badly in need of a real court of protection.

shahnameh and the history of bal’ami are great and important literary works in iranian culture. these two works have many similarities and embody the history of iran from its beginning up to the authors’ time. the researches show that the sources and references that ferdowsi and bal’ami consulted were different. ferdowsi consulted the prose shahnameh of abou mansouri and the oral narratives; wh...

We discuss how a deductive question-answering system can represent the beliefs or other cognitive states of users, of other (interacting) systems, and of itself. In particular, we examine the representation of first-person beliefs of others (e.g., the ~/v.~'~ representation of a user'A belief that he himself is rich). Such beliefs have as an essential component "'quasi-indexical pronouns" (e.g....

Over the last decade there have been further developments in our knowledge of the risks and benefits of benzodiazepines, and of the risks and benefits of alternatives to benzodiazepines. Representatives drawn from the Psychopharmacology Special Interest Group of the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the British Association for Psychopharmacology together examined these developments, and have p...