Ballast, typically comprising large sized aggregate particles with uniform gradation, is an essential layer in the railroad track substructure. Functions of ballast include facilitating load distribution and drainage, maintaining track geometry and track stability, and providing track resilience and noise absorption. Throughout its service life, ballast goes through changes in gradation and par...

The presence of soil solids, water, and air complicates understanding unsaturated dynamics. A thorough behavior is essential for the fruitful design slopes, embankments, retaining structures. series constant void ratio confining pressure triaxial compression tests were carried out under water content conditions (pore drained pore undrained) to study shear strength deformation characteristics a ...

This study investigated the effects of soil moisture content on strength and deformation properties foundation soils cultural relics. Our goal is to inform formulation implementation repair scheme for relics above help protect Soil samples with five different contents were prepared used in unconfined compression, triaxial, consolidation tests. Several mechanical parameters determined under cont...

The triaxial test is probably the most important fundamental laboratory test for geotechnical engineers. The objective of the study presented here was to gain insight into the micro-scale interactions experienced by particles during a triaxial test using the distinct element method (DEM). To achieve this objective, a novel DEM modelling environment to simulate triaxial tests on ideal granular m...

The purpose of this study is to survey cross section changes of the animal brain samples during the tension and compression tests and comparison of the experimental results for three animals: bovine, sheep, and rabbit. A linear elastic theory with considering the necking in tension and barreling in compression has been considered for brain tissue. Bridgman method for tension and cross section u...