abstrac:    in recent years, honey bee products other than just honey such as pollen, propolis, waxes and venoms have gained considerable attention. hive is the most important tool in honey bee industry, the proper construction of which could play a key role in improving honey bee production.  since 1382, investigations have been done on hives made inside the country to eliminate deficiencies s...

Abstract Global decline in insect pollinators, especially bees, have resulted extensive research into understanding the various causative factors and formulating mitigative strategies. For commercial beekeepers United States, overwintering honey bee colony losses are significant, requiring tactics to overwinter bees conditions designed minimize such losses. This is important as overwintered res...

Background and Aims: Currently, many efforts are directed toward functional Hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment. This is achievable by suppression of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion. In this regard, use of natural products has been the areas of interest by scientific communities. Materials and Methods: Dried Honey Bee venom was extracted for assessing its anti-HBsAg secretion potential. He...

Urban bee ecology is an emerging field that holds promise for advancing knowledge of bee community dynamics and promoting bee conservation. Published studies of bee communities in urban and suburban habitats are fewer than those documenting bees in agricultural and wildland settings. As land lost to urbanization is predicted to increase in coming years the necessity of studying urban bee popula...

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Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) is a small single stranded RNA virus recently classified within the family Dicistroviridae, genus Cripavirus. Here, we describe the first study of ABPV in unhealthy bee colonies, which has been an unusual loss in adult bee population and significant honey bee mortality during the year. The aim of this study was evaluation of ABPV infection in honey bee colonies ...

The University of Minnesota Forage Team is proud to announce the second edition of the Forage Quarterly. The January issues ranges in content from alternative forage systems to acquisition of pasturelands. In addition to the valuable information in this edition, the UMN Forage Team would like to inform you of our upcoming winter meetings. The program was designed to address key forage productio...

Forage sorghum is considered to be the most heat and drought resistant summer forage with a fairly high green forage yield. Forage sorghum is more economical to grow as compared to forage maize with fairly high economic returns. The total area under forages in 2012 in Punjab was 1.82 million hectares with green forage production of 38.8 million tons. The land area of Punjab under forage sorghum...