Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is an optimization algorithm based on the intelligent behavior of honey bee swarm. This paper presents Bee Swarm Optimization intended to introduce chaotic sequences and psychology factor of emotion into the algorithm. We define two emotions Bees could have, positive and negative, and correspond to two reaction to perception respectively. For avoiding premature c...

Bees, as the main pollinators of food crops, represent a critical natural resource which needs to be carefully exploited and managed. In recent years, however, destruction of bee's native habitats, infestations, and displacements of native bees by alien bee species have reduced and disturbed bee populations and this is already having considerable impact on global agriculture. A further concurre...

Social insects display task-related division of labour. In some species, division of labour is related to differences in body size, and worker caste members display morphological adaptations suited for particular tasks. Bumble-bee workers (Bombus spp.) can vary in mass by eight- to tenfold within a single colony, which previous work has linked to division of labour. However, little is known abo...

Some 60 years ago, many biologists thought that bees and other insects were totally color-blind animals. I was unable to believe it. For the bright colors of flowers can be understood only as an adaptation to color-sensitive visitors. This was the beginning of experiments on the color sense of the bee (I). On a table outdoors I placed a colored paper between papers of different shades of gray a...

Some 60 years ago, many biologists thought that bees and other insects were totally color-blind animals. I was unable to believe it. For the bright colors of flowers can be understood only as an adaptation to color-sensitive visitors. This was the beginning of experiments on the color sense of the bee (I). On a table outdoors I placed a colored paper between papers of different shades of gray a...

QSAR for honey bee acute contact toxicity (amide derivatives) 1.2.Other related models: QSAR for honey bee acute contact toxicity (amine derivatives) QSAR for honey bee acute contact toxicity (ester derivatives) QSAR for honey bee acute contact toxicity (ether derivatives not containing amide groups) 1.3.Software coding the model: QSARModel 3.5.0 Turu 2, Tartu, 51014, Estonia, http://www.molcod...

BACKGROUND Honey bees are exposed to phytochemicals through the nectar, pollen and propolis consumed to sustain the colony. They may also encounter mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi infesting pollen in beebread. Moreover, bees are exposed to agricultural pesticides, particularly in-hive acaricides used against the parasite Varroa destructor. They cope with these and other xenobiotics pri...

Abstract Bee's honey is one of the greatest natural gifts to humankind, and Indian Ayurveda emphasises various applications honey, viz . obesity, burns, cuts, wounds, dermatitis etc. However, all are based on their chemical composition, but they vary depending upon botanical, geographical origins, bee feed. With this background, current study aimed evaluate quality produced by stimulative diets...

Bee product mugwort is identified as being at the origin of allergic accidents but the biological potency of Artemisia contained in bee pollen is not well known. In this experiment, Artemisia mass was identified in bee pollen mass and after having calculated the proportion of Artemisia using the bee pollen melissopalynology spectrum. Skin reactivity to Artemisia was assessed by measuring wheal ...

honey bee sting is used in some societies as a treatment of inflammation in joint diseases such as arthritis. to investigate the effect of honey bee venom in reducing inflammation, we selected 30 male wister rats which were divided in to 6 groups. except group 1, all remaining groups received 0.5 ml of complete freund’s adjuvant to induce arthritis. after 9 days, all animals that received adjuv...