BACKGROUND Trauma system expansion is a complex process often governed by financial and health care system imperatives. We sought to propose a new, informed approach to trauma system expansion through the use of geospatial mapping. We hypothesized that geospatial mapping set to specific parameters could effectively identify optimal placement of new trauma centers (TC) within an existing trauma ...

BACKGROUND While improvements in nursing practice environments are considered essential to address the nursing shortage, relatively little is known about the nursing practice environments in most hospitals. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to describe variations in nursing practice environments across hospitals and to examine their associations to hospital bed size, community size,...

Of all the facilities that are utilized by the health area in order to provide care, hospitals are certainly the most favorite whether of the population or of health professionals. This is due to the amenities and security offered by the concentration of human and technological resources. However, this means high costs that should be diluted by increases in productivity and quality. Thus qualit...

Recent research suggests that the resurgence of bed bugs in the U.S. has occurred at an alarming rate. Assumptions have been made that socioeconomic status is not associated with the prevalence of bed bug infestations. Little information is available at the local level, however, about the prevalence of bed bugs in private homes. The authors' pilot study aimed to identify prevalence, knowledge, ...

local scour around the abutment is of utmost importance in bridge failures. numerous methods such as riprap have been proposed to reduce the destructive effects of scouring; one of the ways to harness and reduce the local scour depth is installed protective collars around the abutment. in this paper effect of collar elevation (upper level, bed level and lower level), collar geometry and its siz...

[1] Abrasion by bed load is a ubiquitous and sometimes dominant erosional mechanism for fluvial incision into bedrock. Here we develop a model for bedrock abrasion by saltating bed load wherein the wear rate depends linearly on the flux of impact kinetic energy normal to the bed and on the fraction of the bed that is not armored by transient deposits of alluvium. We assume that the extent of al...

OBJECTIVE The BED assay was developed to estimate the proportion of recent HIV infections in a population. We used the BED assay as a proxy for acute infection to quantify the associated risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy and delivery. Design A total of 3773 HIV-1 sero-positive women were tested within 96 h of delivery using the BED assay, and CD4 cell count measuremen...

1. The ratio of the surface of the capillary bed to the volume of tissue supplied by the vessels (S/V ratio) for both open and closed capillaries in fat-rich tissue of the rat is 51.9, in fat-poor tissue of the same sort 222.2. About one-half of the capillaries in fat-rich tissue, to one-fourth in fat-poor tissue, are open during ordinary activity. The total capillary bed of fat-rich tissue is ...

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to determine the capacity of BED incidence testing to a) estimate the effect of a HIV prevention intervention and b) provide adequate statistical power, when used among young people from sub-Saharan African settings with high HIV incidence rates. METHODS Firstly, after having elaborated plausible scenarios based on empirical data and the characteri...