People are biased partisans: they tend to agree with policies from political parties they identify with, independent of policy content. Here, we investigate how physiological reactions to political parties shape bias. Using changes in galvanic skin conductance responses to the visual presentation of party logos, we obtained an implicit and physiological measure of the affective arousal associat...

We present an economic model of media bias and media mergers. Media owners have political motives as well as proÞt motives, and can inßuence public opinion by withholding information that is pejorative to their political agenda — provided that their agenda is not too far from the political mainstream. This is true even with rational consumers who understand the media owners’ biases, because the...

by political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. parliament provides suitable ground in order to woman's political participation. in this article, by using descriptive and analytical method, the barri...

Distribution and allocation of resources is affected by factors such as values, norms, social stratifications, ideology, information, coercion, political challenges, and even external factors. This finding means that there is always a fundamental tendency to redirect resources toward political goals instead of public interests and development. Because the resource structure is strongly influenc...