Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are integrated as DNA proviruses in the genomes of all mammalian species. Several ERVs are replication-competent and produced as fully infectious viruses from host cell. Thus, live-attenuated vaccines and biological substances have been prepared using the cell lines which may produce ERV. Indeed, we recently reported that several commercial live-attenuated vaccine...

Engineered T cell therapy (ECT) for oncology has met significant clinical proof of success for chemotherapy resistant B cell malignancies in multiple studies. These data have underscored the transformative potential of ECT in advanced oncology. Adaptimmune specializes in the generation and testing of affinity-enhanced T cell receptors (TCR) for engineered T cell therapy, and has several ongoing...

The great majority of solar cells manufactured today are based on p-type silicon wafers. However, the most efficient modules are made with n-type silicon wafers. This is primarily due to the much greater tolerance of n-type silicon to the dominant defects in p-type material. In this paper we discuss some of the potential advantages and disadvantages of using por n-type silicon for industrial so...

The emerging need for more power has led to the development of series-parallel connected battery cells. Having a more complex system also brought with it new challenges. One of these is the problem of cell imbalance. Balancing algorithms are based on extracting or adding charge in order to have balanced cells. Their goal is to protect the battery from damage and to help prolong the battery’s li...

Detailed computer simulations demonstrate that all­electric vehicles will be required to meet our energy security and climate change reduction goals. As shown in Figure 1, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV’s) and plug­in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV’s) both reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but neither of these vehicles that still use internal combustion engines will be adequate to cut GHGs ...

An equivalent circuit model is the most common and straight-forward way of representing the dynamic behaviour of a lithium-ion battery. In literature, many examples of circuits are proposed and various techniques are also discussed for parameterisation of the models. In this paper a second order equivalent circuit is proposed and the parameters identification method by Hybrid Power Pulse Charac...

Developing efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for rechargeable Li-O2 battery. In our present work, porous LaNiO3 nanocubes were employed as electrocatalyst in Li-O2 battery cell. The as-prepared battery showed excellent charging performance with significantly reduced overpotential (3.40 V). The synergistic effect of porous structure, large specific surface area ...

The electrochemical behavior of lithium-ion battery electrode materials is often studied in the so-called ‘lithium half-cell configuration’, which tested an cell with a lithium metal acting as both counter and reference electrode. However, performance batteries affected by two electrodes composing battery. Therefore, order to understand under conditions representative commercial applications, i...