OBJECTIVE To describe levels of pollutants found in indoor swimming pools in Guipúzcoa (Basque Country, Spain), both in the bathing water and in the air, and to study the association between these pollutants and other variables related to ventilation systems and the use of installations. METHODS Of the 35 indoor swimming pools registered in Guipúzcoa, the 20 most frequently used by swimmers w...

We present the case report of a 13-month-old Caucasian toddler with symptoms of loss of consciousness, central cyanosis and uncontrolled movements of the upper limbs while taking a warm bath. The diagnosis of hot water epilepsy was supported by an ictal EEG. Hot water epilepsy, also known as bathing epilepsy or water-immersion epilepsy is, in the Caucasian population, a rare form of benign epil...

The absorption of fluid by epithelial tissues is thought to be due to the existence of hypertonic regions within the epithelium. The magnitude of the required hypertonicity as well as its localization have been the subject of considerable experimental and theoretical effort. Model calculations demonstrated the need for knowledge of the water permeability of the membranes of epithelial cells for...

Monitoring the quality of the bathing waters of Gipuzkoa (the Basque Country, Spain) makes it possible to assess the suitability of its 15 beaches for bathing throughout each season. In 1998, the parameters E. coli, somatic coliphages (SOMCPH) and F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH) were incorporated into the bathing water quality monitoring system. This enabled the study of the link between...

There is little published literature on the efficacy of strategies to reduce exposure to residential well water arsenic. The objectives of our study were to: 1) determine if water arsenic remained a significant exposure source in households using bottled water or point-of-use treatment systems; and 2) evaluate the major sources and routes of any remaining arsenic exposure. We conducted a cross-...

To investigate the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) hot spring baths on physiological functions, head-out immersion of urethane-anesthetized, fursheared male Wistar rats was performed. Animals were immersed in water (30 or 35 degrees C) with high-CO2 content ( approximately 1,000 parts/million; CO2-water). CO2-water for bathing was made by using an artificial spa maker with normal tap water and ...

Medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop of the Swiss-Webster mouse were perfused in vitro with an isotonic perfusate and a Ringer's bathing medium. In five studies, addition of a supramaximal concentration of synthetic arginine vasopressin (AVP) to the bathing medium resulted in an increase in electrical potential difference (PD) from 5.0 +/- 1.5 mV, lumen positive, to 10.7 +/- 1.4 mV (...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Finnish sauna bathing on a white blood cell profile, cortisol levels and selected physiological indices in athletes and non-athletes. The study evaluated 9 trained middle-distance runners and 9 male non-athletes. The subjects from both groups participated in 15-minute sauna sessions until their core temperature rose by 1.2°C (mean te...

Global Real Time Control (RTC) of urban drainage systems is increasingly seen as cost-effective solution for responding to increasing performance demands. This study investigated the potential for including water-quality based RTC into the global control strategy which is under implementation in the Lynetten catchment (Copenhagen, Denmark). Two different strategies were simulated, considering: ...