Pintrich & De Groot, 1990). Motivational components include students' perceptions of the classroom environment as well as their self-related beliefs such as personal goals, self-efficacy, interest, and value beliefs. Cognitive components include students' content knowledge as well as various cognitive learning strategies such as rehearsal, elaboration, and organization, and metacognitive strate...

Gaining confidence that a clustering algorithm has produced meaningful results and not an accident of its usually heuristic optimization is central to data mining. This is the issue of cluster validity. We propose here a method by which proximity graphs are used to effectively detect border points and measure the margin between clusters. With analysis of boundary situation, we design a framewor...

In many problem domains, an action may be taken by an expert, which, due to new inferences or a changing domain situation, should be retracted. To this end, an effective problem solver will need to use some kind of validity-maintenance system, so that it can gracefully recover from invalid previous decisions. Unfortunately, the standard IF/THEN paradigm often used to encode expert behavior does...

1. Background In the UK, the NIHR vision sees ‘more patients and health professionals participating in health research’ [1]. Fundamental to health research is the testing of interventions through RCTs. Achieving high participation in RCTs has traditionally been difficult. Published data show that a minority of RCTs recruit successfully [2,3]. Recruitment problems reduce the total recruited samp...

Introduction Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) produce relative treatment effects that have high internal validity. However they may suffer from lack of external validity when used as inputs to cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA). If differences in RCT and CEA populations can be described by a set of observed covariates, then it is possible to adjust for these differences. A common approach is ...

abstract therapy-related symptom checklist for children (trsc-c) was developed as a symptom assessment tool in children receiving chemotherapy. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the persian version of trsc-c. this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013-2014 in tehran, iran. trsc-c was translated using backward-forward approach. the content v...