A new method is presented for adapting the HMMs of a speech recognition system to the condition of a hands-free speech input in a room environment. The reverberation in a room usually has a bad effect on the performance of a recognition system. Reverberation causes an artificial extension of acoustic excitations what gets visible as so called reverberation tail when looking at the envelope of t...

Vibrational excitations of low frequency collective modes are essential for functionally important conformational transitions in proteins. Here we report the first direct measurement on the lifetime of vibrational excitations of the collective modes at 87 pm (115 cm(-1)) in bacteriorhodopsin, a transmembrane protein. The data show that these modes have extremely long lifetime of vibrational exc...

We employ a variety of highly-correlated approaches including quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and the n-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) to compute the vertical excitation energies of retinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB) models in the gas phase. We find that the NEVPT2 excitation energies are in good agreement with the QMC values and confirm our previous findings that the complete...

The low energy effective theory of the edge excitations in the Fractional Quantum Hall (FQH) states is proposed. The edge excitations are shown to form a new kind of state which is called the Chiral Luttinger Liquid (χLL). The effective theory is exactly soluble. This enables us to easily calculate all the low energy properties of the edge excitations. We calculate the electron propagator and t...

We show in this paper an interesting relation between elementary and topological excitations in the antiferromagnetic and d-wave superconducting phases of the t−J model at two dimensions. The topological spin and charge excitations in one phase have the same dynamics as elementary excitations in the other phase, except the appearance of energy gaps. Moreover, the transition from one phase to an...

It has been demonstrated that, in a one-dimensional wave system, monochromatic waves may be generated which are completely localized to the region of excitation or which propagate in only one direction. We further the discussion of such nonpropagating and directional excitations and demonstrate that they can be extended to excitations of an arbitrary finite number of frequencies. Two techniques...

Luttinger liquid theory describes one-dimensional electron systems in terms of noninteracting bosonic excitations. In this approximation thermal excitations are decoupled from the current flowing through a quantum wire, and the conductance is quantized. We show that relaxation processes not captured by the Luttinger liquid theory lead to equilibration of the excitations with the current and giv...