Abstract Midlatitude baroclinic waves drive extratropical weather and climate variations, but their predictability beyond 2 weeks has been deemed low. Here we analyze a large ensemble of simulations forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) demonstrate that seasonal variations wave activity (BWA) are potentially predictable. This potential is denoted robust BWA responses to SST forcing...

Repeat transects of full-depth density and velocity are used to quantify generation and radiation of the semidiurnal internal tide from Kaena Ridge, Hawaii. A 20-km-long transect was sampled every 3 h using expendable current profilers and the absolute velocity profiler. Phase and amplitude of the baroclinic velocity, pressure, and vertical displacement were computed, as was the energy flux. La...

A two-layer quasigeostrophic model is used to investigate the influence of stratification on the inertial recirculation in a full basin model. It is found that the barotropic transport of the inertial recirculation is intensified significantly through barotropic–baroclinic interactions in the presence of a shallow thermocline or a strong stratification. Weakly nonlinear theories and numerical e...

We consider a model of circular lenticular vortex immersed into deep and vertically stratified viscous fluid in the presence gravity rotation. The is assumed to be baroclinic with Gaussian profile angular velocity both radial axial directions. Assuming base state cyclogeostrophic balance, we derive linearized equations motion seek for their solution geometric optics approximation find amplitude...