The author provides an overview of electronic cash, discussing the technology of this new medium of payment, the financial costs and benefits of moving to electronic cash, and the issue of consumer acceptance. An appendix explores the relationship between counterfeiting and electronic cash. This article explores the root problems that have led to the crisis in Japanese banking and what is being...

Financial stability in Europe has received renewed attention with the advent of a common currency, wave of mergers and acquisitions among financial institutions, and greater market competition (e.g. ECB, 1999; IMF, 1999; OECD, 1999). This paper examines whether EU country banking systems are particularly vulnerable to systemic risk at present. Our approach is to examine episodes of banking sect...

Open Banking allows consumers to take advantage of data-driven financial services by sharing data held at one organization with another organization, typically between institutions and trusted third parties. is consumer controlled, secure, protects privacy. These new represent an innovative growing market. Clear fair rules, industry coordination, technical standards are needed avoid fragmentati...