An oo-line electronic cash system is presented that ooers appreciably greater security and better privacy than currently considered electronic cash systems with similar functionality. A tamper-resistant smart card, issued by the bank, controls a counter that represents the amount of electronic cash carried by the user. The use of a counter ensures that the computation and communication complexi...

The sophistication of today's technology has seen an increase in the demand for online services involving various matters. Although this a positive impact, is potentially misused by certain parties criminal purposes. Cybercrime modern crime that increasing along with enlightenment communication and information technology. Property theft crimes include hacking, scamming, phishing, forgery credit...

In recent years, with the development of society and economy, credit cards have been popularized due to their low interest rate easy payment. However, advent epidemic era, unemployment has increased, making probability card defaults rising. The prediction default helps banks financial institutions balance risk economic interests, contributes stable healthy industry, plays an important role in b...

The reforms to be made regarding the determination of relationship between inflation rates and debit credit card expenditures are highly effective in success anti-inflation programs. In this context, main purpose study is examine interaction consumer price index (CPI) use cards for period 2014m04 2022m05 Turkey. study, impulse-response functions extrinsic Granger causality analyzes were tested ...

Despite best efforts from security API designers, flaws are often found in widely deployed security APIs. Even APIs with a formal proof of security may not guarantee absolute security when used in a real-world device or application. In parallel to spending research efforts to improve security of these APIs, we argue that it may be worthwhile to explore design criteria that would reduce the impa...

Credit-card issuers in the United States have begun to explore the idea of introducing electronic-cash products. Seven financial giants, including Wells Fargo, Chase Manhattan, and MasterCard, have agreed to market the Mondex electronic cash product in the United States.1 VISA is developing a separate product. These products consist of a plastic payment card and other accessories, and consumers...

Credit-card issuers in the United States have begun to explore the idea of introducing electronic-cash products. Seven financial giants, including Wells Fargo, Chase Manhattan, and MasterCard, have agreed to market the Mondex electronic cash product in the United States.1 VISA is developing a separate product. These products consist of a plastic payment card and other accessories, and consumers...