Generally, crash stops are performed to obtain measurement of charge filling and slurry loading. The crash stop involves running the mill under steady state then cutting off all feed streams to the mill as it is being stopped. Sufficient time is required to obtain all the important measurements correctly during the crash stop. The mill filling should be measured at a minimum of 3 points along t...

Considerable research has focused on issues pertaining to sensorimotor integration, but in most systems precise information remains unavailable regarding the specific pathways by which different sensory systems regulate any single central pattern-generating circuit. We address this issue by determining how two muscle stretch-sensitive neurons, the gastropyloric receptor neurons (GPRs), influenc...

In the European lobster Homarus gammarus, rhythmic masticatory movements of the three foregut gastric mill teeth are generated by antagonistic sets of striated muscles that are driven by a neural network in the stomatogastric ganglion. In vitro, this circuit can spontaneously generate a single (type I) motor program, unlike in vivo in which gastric mill patterns with different phase relationshi...

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is attracting increasing interest for the simulation of industrial granular flows. While the majority of previous DEM modelling has considered two-dimensional flows, we present here a series of three-dimensional simulations for a number of important industrial applications. The charge motion in a 5 m diameter ball mill and in a Hicom nutating mill, discharge fr...

A comparative study was carried out for an alloy of Al50(Ni75Mo25)50 processed by two different high energy ball mills. A SPEX and Simoloyer mill were used. The milled products were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. A different morphology and microstructural evolution were found with each mill used. It was evident that prolonged milling time induced the for...

We demonstrate here using a disulfide system the first example of reversible, selective, and quantitative transformation between three crystalline polymorphs by ball mill grinding.

Natural Akermanite (NAM) has been successfully prepared by a modified sol-gel method. Optimization in calcination temperature and mechanical ball milling resulted in a pure and nano-sized powder which characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT–IR). Calcium nitrate, ...

In this research, CuO spherical-like nanoparticles were synthesized using the planetary ball mill method. The structure, particle size and morphology of the resulting CuO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) methods. The results of this investigation showed ...

Mill load (ML) estimation plays a major role in improving the grinding production rate (GPR) and the product quality of the grinding process. The ML parameters, such as mineral to ball volume ratio (MBVR), pulp density (PD) and charge volume ratio (CVR), reflect the load inside the ball mill accurately. The relative amplitudes of the high-dimensional frequency spectrum of shell vibration signal...