The consequences of imposing a sign constraint on the standard Hopfield architecture associative memory model, trained using perceptron like learning rules, is examined. Such learning rules have been shown to have capacity of at most half of their unconstrained versions. This paper reports experimental investigations into the consequences of constraining the sign of the network weights in terms...

In the present study, it was aimed at combining remote sensing technology, geographic information system and statistical data in order to provide a rather rapid, sensitive and comprehensive overview of current situation of Turkish river basins in terms of existing spatial data. For the aim of the study, all statistical information gathered from the national authorities on regional basis was ove...

flood is one of the major natural disasters in iran, which is mostly, affected most parts of the country and caused hazards. therefore, identification of the area with high potential risk of flood occurrence is the main purpose in order to the flood control and reducing its damages. in this research the role of the flood routing in identification of the area with high potential flooding has inv...

The magnitude, seasonality, and duration of peak discharge responses to forest removal and regrowth and roads in 10 pairs of experimental basins in the western Cascade Range of Oregon are consistent with fundamental water balance and routing concepts in hydrology. Hypothesized effects of forestry treatments on evapotranspiration, cloud water interception, snowpack dynamics, and subsurface flow ...

Peak-ring basins are important in understanding the formation of large impact basins on planetary bodies; however, debate still exists as to how peak rings form. Using altimetry and image data from the MESSENGER and LRO spacecraft in orbit around Mercury and the Moon, respectively, we measured the morphometric properties of impact structures in the transition from complex craters with central p...

In this lesson we consider discrete time dynamical systems with coexisting attractors, and we analyze the problem of the structure of the boundaries that separate their basins of attraction. This problem may become particularly challenging when the discrete dynamical system is represented by the iteration of a noninvertible map, because in this case nonconnected basins can be obtained, formed b...

wetlands, national parks and wildlife refuges are the most important ecological capitals, so inform of their change has main role in quality of management of such area. having new information of their changes helps us to find causes of changes and plans and policies that needed. remote sensing data are one of the most important and best sources for changes monitoring especially in environment. ...

arid and semi-arid ecosystems are very sensitivity to changes. fluctuations in climate variables and increasing human activities; result in the changes in hydrological processes of these ecosystems, and consequently, their structures degradation. in this study, hydro-climatic data of the bakhtegan basin for the period of 1972–2011, were analyzed to assess effects of climate variability and huma...

Records of discharge of rivers draining Alpine basins with between 0 and 70% ice cover, in the upper Aare and Rhône catchments, Switzerland, for the period 1894–2006 have been examined together with climatic data for 1866–2006, with a view to assessing the effects on runoff from glacierized basins of climatic warming coupled with glacier recession following the Little Ice Age maximum. Annual ru...

We review the status of five vernal pool creation and restoration projects in San Diego County that were prompted by efforts to mitigate for damage to or destruction of Pogogyne abramsii and Eryngium aristulatum ssp. parishii populations. The first project was begun in 1981 and the latest in 1992. Some degree of success, defined as persistence of significant populations of the target species, w...