The mechanism of impaired gut barrier function in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is poorly understood and includes decreased intestinal motility leading to bacterial overgrowth, a reduction in gut-associated lymphoid tissue following the loss of intestinal length, inhibition of mucosal immunity of the small intestine by intravenous total parental nutrition, and changes in intestinal p...

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common complication of liver diseases such as those related to viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The gut-liver axis is gaining increasing attention as a key pathophysiological mechanism responsible for the progression of HCC. Here, we will review the data from the published literature to address the association between HCC and gut microbiota. ...

Gram-negative bacteria can resist antibiotics by changing the permeability via their outer membrane. These have a complex cell envelope that incorporates an membrane separating periplasm from external environment. This contains many protein channels, also known as porins or nanopores, which mainly allow influx of hydrophilic compounds, including antibiotics. One probable way may possibly develo...

background: psychological and behavioral domains are important in coping with type ii diabetes. this study was conducted to assess supportive and coping obstacles in living with type ii diabetes among patients who visited hospitals affiliated to tehran university of medical sciences (tums). methods: this was a cross-sectional study with 600 subjects who participated in the study. data collectio...

Mucosal surfaces, such as the lung and intestine, are lined by a monolayer of epithelia that provides tissue barrier and transport function. It is recently appreciated that a common feature of inflammatory processes within the mucosa is hypoxia (so-called inflammatory hypoxia). Given the strong association between bacterial translocation and mucosal inflammatory disease, we hypothesized that in...

The primary pathogenetic mechanism responsible for the distinctive demyelinating lesions in the Central Nervous System (CNS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), first described in remarkable detail by Charcot more than 170 years ago, remains one of the most baffling conundrums in medicine. A possible role for bacterial cell molecules and transportable proteins in the pathogenesis of MS is reviewed. The...