Abstract Data relevant to the ‘filled-duration illusion’, claim that filled intervals appear last longer than unfilled ones of same real duration, are reviewed. A distinction is made between divided-time studies (where an empty interval has one or more brief dividing stimulus inside it) and filled-duration with some continuous event). Divided durations ones, effect grows number dividers, althou...

the probable maximum precipitation (pmp) is the greatest depth of precipitation for a given duration that is physically possible over a given size storm area at a particular geographical location at a certain time of the year. in this study a physically based method was compared with a statistical procedure to calculate pmp in the southwest arid regions of iran. in order to estimate pmp using a...

We study the wakefield in a plasma filled rectangular waveguide based on a differential equation derived in terms of the wake potential , when the pulse duration matches with inverse of the plasma frequency fp 1 . This equation is solved using fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for the Gaussian-like profile of the microwave pulse. The effects of microwave frequency f , waveguide width b and microw...

Duration Calculus, a real-time interval logic, has been embedded in the Z specification language to provide a notation f o r real-time systems that combines the modularisation and abstraction facilities of Z with a logic suitable for reasoning about real-time properties [4 , 21. In this article the notation is presented through a top-level specification of requirements for a simple Air Traffic ...

In this paper, we give a formal model for real-time database systems using Duration Calculus. Our model supports the formal reasoning about the operations in the systems. As a case study for our technique, we give a formal specification and verification of the Read/Write Priority Ceiling Protocol (R/WPCP).

Passively synchronized Er-doped and Yb-doped mode-locked fiber lasers with a master–slave configuration are theoretically investigated based on the pulse propagationmodel for simulating pulse collision in the common fiber section and on the master equation model for simulating laser dynamics. Computational results indicate that the central optical frequency of the slave Er laser will be shifted...

The paper evaluates the effect of multipath propagation on broadband terrestrial free-space optical links. At 10 Gbs the pulse duration is 0.1 ns for binary signaling and multipath propagation during fog events may affect the channel bandwidth and cause intersymbol interference in the receiver. The analysis is based on single-scattering approximation and semi-analytical solution, which is compu...

We use a combination of three techniques for the specification of processes, data and time: CSP, Object-Z and Duration Calculus. Whereas the combination of CSP and Object-Z is well established by the work of C. Fischer [2, 3], the integration with Duration Calculus is new. The combination is used to specify parts of a novel case study on radio controlled railway crossings.

PURPOSE To quantify the effect of cathode-tube-ray (CRT) monitor refresh rate on the measurement of the upper limit of complete temporal summation (critical duration) in the peripheral visual field of healthy observers. METHODS Contrast thresholds were measured for seven achromatic spot stimuli (diameter 0.48°) of varying duration (nominal values: 10-200 ms) at an eccentricity of 8.8° along t...

This paper applies duration calculus to the speciication and ver-iication of a complex robotics task: Fingers grasping an object. We present a model of the relevant features of the mechanical design and provide a speciication for sensors, actuators and a controller. Requirements are then speciied in an assumption commitment style, and it is checked through calculation that the design satisses t...