BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common outcome of preterm birth. Experimental animal work has shown that initial ventilation strategies injure the immature lung and may lead to BPD. Studies with asphyxiated babies have shown that, if tidal ventilation at birth is preceded by sustained lung inflation, larger inflation volumes can be achieved, which is thought to lead to clearanc...

OBJECTIVE To obtain birthweight standards for south Indian babies. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A tertiary care hospital in south India. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 11, 641 singleton live births between 1991 and 1994 were used to calculate smoothed gestation specific birthweight centiles for four categories based on sex of the infant and birth order. Smoothed gestation spec...

Cohort-Level Sex Ratio Effects on Women’s Labor Force Participation It follows from a number of theoretical models of marriage that the scarcer women are relative to men, i.e. the higher the sex ratio, the less married women are likely to participate in the labor force. Such sex ratio effects may be stronger among less educated women. These predictions are tested using individual data from Curr...

OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of amniotic fluid index (AFI) (<5) for adverse perinatal outcome in terms of cesarean section for fetal distress, birth weight, meconium staining, Apgar scores, and cord pH at birth. METHODS This was a prospective study of 200 antenatal women booked at Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital during the years 2009-2011 with gestational age between ...

In Europid populations, low birth weight of offspring predicts insulin resistance in the mother and cardiovascular disease in both parents. We investigated the association between birth weight of offspring and obesity and cardiovascular risk in the parents of 477 8-year-old children born at the King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India. Eight years after the birth of the child, mothers (33 yea...

OBJECTIVE To determine the outcome at 1 year of age of a group of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, from urban and rural communities, ventilated at Tygerberg Hospital, W. Cape. STUDY DESIGN Prospective descriptive study in which the prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), sensorineural deafness, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and abnormal moto...

OBJECTIVE Although a link between small body size at birth and later type 2 diabetes has been repeatedly documented, less is known about the associations between the disease and growth during infancy. The aim of this study was to explore the pathways of infant and early growth that lead to type 2 diabetes in adult life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We carried out a longitudinal study of 8760 s...