Let(b1, . . .,bn) be a lattice basis with Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization(b1, . . . ,b∗n), the quantities‖b1‖/‖bi ‖for i = 1, . . . , n play important roles in analyzing lattice reduction algorithms and lattice enumeration algorithms.In this paper, we study the problem of minimizing the quantity‖b1‖/‖bn‖ over all bases(b1, . . .,bn) of a givenn...

Semaphorins are axon guidance molecules that signal through the plexin family of receptors. Semaphorins also play a role in other processes such as immune regulation and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular signaling mechanisms downstream of plexin receptors have not been elucidated. Semaphorin 4D is the ligand for the plexin-B1 receptor and stimulation of the plexin-B1 receptor activates the ...

Mutations in the ephrin-B1 gene result in craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS) in humans, a congenital disorder that includes a wide range of craniofacial, skeletal, and neurological malformations. In addition to the ability of ephrin-B1 to forward signal through its cognate EphB tyrosine kinase receptors, ephrin-B1 can also act as a receptor and transduce a reverse signal by either PDZ-dependent ...

In the course of screening for novel anticancer compounds, B1 [N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2-aminothiazonaphthalimide], a novel amonafide analogue, was generated as a new anticancer candidate. In the present study, B1 displayed stronger antitumor effects than amonafide in HL60 cells. We further examined whether B1 overcomes the resistance conferred by Bcl-2, as overcoming the resistance conferre...

Signaling through the semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) receptor plexin-B1 is modulated by its interaction with tyrosine kinases ErbB-2 and Met. In cells expressing the plexin-B1-ErbB-2 receptor complex, ligand stimulation results in the activation of small GTPase RhoA and stimulation of cellular migration. By contrast, in cells expressing plexin-B1 and Met, ligand stimulation results in an association wi...

I a comparative study on normal and B1-receptor deficient (B1-KO) mice, Pesquero et al. (1) provide evidence in this issue of PNAS in favor of crucial roles played by the kinin B1 receptor in toxic shock, inflammation, and nociception. B1 receptors are generally silent or absent in healthy states and are induced or activated by pathological challenges. When they are absent, as in B1-KO mice, ti...

An interesting method for B1 mapping based on the Bloch-Siegert (BLS) shift was recently presented (1,2) for gradient echo (FLASH) and Spin Echo (SE) sequences. This method uses off-resonant pulses before signal acquisition to encode the B1 information into the signal phase. Fast B1 mapping is possible since the repetition time has only minor influence on the quality of the phase information. I...

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where x ∈ R is represents the variables, c ∈ R defines the objective function, and A ∈ Rm×n and b ∈ R define the constraints. The above form is fairly general; one can model various types of constraints in this form. For example, a constraint 〈a1, x〉 ≥ b1 can be written as 〈−a1, x〉 ≤ −b1. Or, a constraint 〈a1, x〉 = b1 can be written as 〈a1, x〉 ≤ b1 and 〈−a1, x〉 ≤ −b1. The objective function can...