The present study was designed to determine if an oral live Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine protects dogs from developing signs of respiratory disease after challenge with virulent Bordetella bronchiseptica. The study was also designed to compare the level of protection induced by the oral vaccine with the protection provided by an intranasal live vaccine and an injected killed vaccine. Forty...

Background: To prevent the losses caused by brucellosis, development of diagnostic tools for differentiating vaccinated cattle from infected one is priority in eradication disease. The present study was undertaken differential identification Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19 EryC PCR. Methods: In this study, 1145 clinical samples unvaccinated and buffaloes (200 blood samples, 710 sera, 190 va...

objective (s):the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between vaccine therapy and appearance of mutations in hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) patients. materials and methods: 16 patients received the hbv vaccine and another 16 individuals from the control group did not. the surface gene was amplified and directly sequenced from samples ...

Background: Influenza virus is a major infectious pathogen of the respiratory system causing a high degree of morbidity and mortality annually. The worldwide vaccines are decided and produced annually by World Health Organization and licensed companies based on the samples collected from all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine phylogenecity and heterogenecity of the circulati...

Recent large epidemics of cholera with high incidence and associated mortality among refugees have raised the question of whether oral cholera vaccines should be considered as an additional preventive measure in high-risk populations. The potential impact of oral cholera vaccines on populations prone to seasonal endemic cholera has also been questioned. This article reviews the potential cost-e...

OBJECTIVES Normalize the quantification of residual DNA from Vero cells in the rabies vaccine for use in human VAHV I, by quantitative PCR in real time and the design of primers that amplified, highly repetitive sequences of Cercopithecus aethiops and a constitutive gene according to sequences reported in the GenBank and quantifying the residual DNA in the vaccine VAHV I in three consecutive ba...

Development and improvement of quality control tests for live attenuated vaccines are a high priority because of safety concerns. Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) viruses are 6:2 reassortants containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments from circulating influenza viruses to induce protective immune responses, and the six internal gene segments from a cold-adapt...