Since the early observations of Kellner (1936) and Fuller (1937), who demonstrated that p-aminobenzenesulfonamide (sulfanilamide) is formed in animal tissues when prontosill or prontosil soluble2 (neoprontosil3) is administered by mouth, and the studies by Domagk (1935), Colebrook and Kenney (1936), and Colebrook, Buttle, and O'Meara (1936), wherein they were unable to demonstrate an antibacter...

The cell-to-module efficiency gap in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) monolithically integrated solar modules is enhanced by contact resistance between the Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and Mo back contact layers, the P2 contact, which connects adjacent cells. The present work evaluated the P2 contact resistance, in addition to the TCO resistance, using an embedded transmission line structure in a commercial-grade mod...

Zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalysts were synthesized by sol-gel method using zinc acetate as precursor for degradation of azo dyes under UV irradiation. The resultant samples were characterized by different techniques, such as XRD, SEM, and EDX. The influence of preparation conditions such as calcination temperature and composite ratio on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) was investigated. ZnO ...

Effect of photoaligning azo-dye layers thickness on the alignment quality and multiplex operation of passively addressed ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) 1.5μm display cells has been investigated. An optimal (about 3~5 nm) azo-dye layer thickness, that provides both the highest multiplex operation steadiness and the best contrast ratio of FLC display cells was found.

The azo-azomethine dyes were prepared via condensation reaction of 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine with azo couled 2-(2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl)-4-(aryldiazenyl)phenol. The UV–vis spectra indicated positive solvatochromism in synthesized compound are dependent on the substitution, solvent, pH and temperature. Some compounds exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant activities.

This chapter provides an overview of the chemical structures and properties of aromatic amines and their role in the development and utility of azo dyes. Approaches to the design of environmentally benign alternatives to genotoxic primary aromatic amines, as azo dye precursors, are included.

The synthesis and photophysical characterization of new conjugated polymers (CPs) with alternating phenylethynylene and diazobenzene (azo-PPE) units were reported, which showed broadened absorption and no measurable fluorescence. Quenching studies showed that azo-PPEs displayed high efficiency over a wide wavelength range.

The phenylboronic acids substituted with an azo group on the ortho-position show a significant change in UV-vis spectra upon sugar binding. A new mechanism for the spectral change of the dyes is proposed based on the formation and cleavage of B-N dative bond between boronic acid group and azo group.

The effect of different artificial redox mediators on the anaerobic reduction of azo dyes by Sphingomonas sp. strain BN6 or activated sludge was investigated. Reduction rates were greatly enhanced in the presence of sulfonated anthraquinones. For strain BN6, the presence of both cytoplasmic and membrane-bound azo reductase activities was shown.

The O(2)-sensitive reduction of high-molecular-weight aromatic azo and nitro dyes by intestinal bacteria appears to be mediated by low-molecular-weight electron carriers with E(o)' = -200 to -350 mV. This process may allow the design of polymeric azo prodrugs for specific release of certain aromatic amines in the colon.