Systems which permit the weighing of vehicles in motion are called dynamic Weigh-in-Motion scales. In such systems, axle load sensors are embedded in the pavement. Among the influencing factors that negatively affect weighing accuracy is the pavement temperature. This paper presents a detailed analysis of this phenomenon and describes the properties of polymer, quartz and bending plate load sen...

A new templating motif for the formation of [2]pseudorotaxanes is described in which rigid, Y-shaped axles with an imidazolium core and aromatic substituents at the 2-, 4- and 5-positions interact with [24]crown-8 ether wheels ([24]crown-8 and dibenzo[24]crown-8). The Y-shape of the axle significantly enhances the association between axle and wheel when compared to simple imidazolium cations.

The roles of the several parameters that influences railway track deterioration most, are examined in this research with a view to make railway track maintenance more effective and cost efficient. The results presented are based on a comprehensive study of railway track degradation on super structure, sub-structure and geometrical aspects. The changes in TQI (Track Quality Index), the track set...

A crown ether-containing macrobicycle was used as the wheel component in a templated synthesis of a [2]rotaxane with an acetal-containing axle. The molecular structures of the macrobicycle and the [2]rotaxane were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The chloride-binding ability of the macrobicycle, either free in solution or when it is part of a [2]rotaxane, is quite we...

Bridge Weigh-in-Motion systems can be used to estimate vehicle parameters such as velocity, axle loads, or the distance between axles without affecting the traffic. These parameters and the classification of vehicles are necessary to determine vehicle overload and hence may help to reduce risks for road users and road infrastructure and allow optimized planning of maintenance work. The Bridge W...

A new rotaxane containing the 3-amido-phenyl-triazolium group incorporated into the interlocked structure's axle component has been prepared by a chloride anion templated clipping strategy. Proton NMR titration experiments reveal that the interlocked host displays a high degree of halide anion recognition in competitive 1 : 1 CDCl3-CD3OD solvent mixture. Chloride and bromide anions are bound st...

The main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. Numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. Therefore, railway track desig...