HYPOTHESIS Management strategies affect the outcome of axillary recurrence in breast cancer. DESIGN Population-based analysis. SETTING Cancer agency breast cancer database. PATIENTS Two hundred twenty women diagnosed with stage 0 through III breast cancer between 1989 and 2003 who subsequently developed an isolated axillary relapse. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall survival rate and diseas...

PURPOSE The axillary arch is an anomalous muscle that is not infrequently encountered during axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) of breast cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate how often the axillary arch is found during SLNB and whether it affects the intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification rate. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the correlation bet...

Background: For patients with early breast cancer and lymph node metastasis, axillary treatment is widely recommended. This is either surgical removal of the axillary lymph nodes, or axillary radiotherapy. The rationale for axillary treatment is that it will reduce the risk of recurrence in the axilla, and may improve survival. However, both treatments are associated with adverse effects, such ...

Mature potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kennebec) canopies are composed of leaves originating frommainand axillary-stem branches. Canopy leaf distribution and its corresponding contribution to wholecanopy photosynthetic rates have not been quantified. An experiment using SPAR (Soil–Plant–Atmosphere–Research) chambers maintained at 16-h day/night thermoperiods of 14/10, 17/12, 20/15, 23/18, 28/2...

Variations of venous pattern in the arm are common. In this case report, we present a variation of axillary artery and vein. During routine educational dissections of axillary region, it was observed that a fenestrated axillary vein was perforated by a variant axillary artery in right arm of an old male cadaver. The axillary artery which was fenestrated through axillary vein had only two branch...

The main basin for breast lymphatic drainage is ipsilateral axilla. However, extra-axillary drainage may be seen in some patients. The most common extra-axillary site is internal mammary chain, while contralateral axillary drainage is an extremely rare situation in previously untreated patients. We describe a case of untreated right breast retroareolar carcinoma with contralateral axillary drai...

Abstract Background: The axillary lymph node stage is one of the single most important determinants in the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The disadvantages of the two previous methods used for evaluating axillary node metastasis, i.e., axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy, have directed researchers to investigate new techniques for this purpose. The aim of the cur...

BACKGROUND Axillary web syndrome is a cause of significant morbidity in the early postoperative period after axillary surgery. CASE PRESENTATION A patient developed axillary web syndrome after secondary breast surgery and recovered in 3 weeks through physical therapy and using Aescuven Forte. DISCUSSION The pathogenesis of axillary web syndrome is not clear. It is reported that axillary sur...

dog rose (rosa canina) has been using as a rootstock for ornamental roses also it is one of the medicinal plants. it can be propagated under in vitro conditions. after removing chilling requirement of buds, axillary wood buds of dog rose were cut in three nodal positions (lower, middle and terminal) on the stem and then explants after decontamination, cultured on murashige and skoog medium (ms ...

introduction: size of axillary lymph nodes can be a predictor for breast abnormalities. the agents in the antiperspirants such as aluminum were observed in the breast biopsy of individual with abnormalities and antiperspirants usage. in this study, the relation between using antiperspirants and the size of axillary lymph nodes were evaluated in iranian women. methods: in this study, 120 women w...