In this paper, the concept of using bus probes for urban street travel time estimation in the advanced traveler information system (ATIS) application is investigated through both a thorough literature review and a case study in downtown Chicago using the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA)'s buses. First, existing bus probes studies are reviewed and compared with respect to the research objectives,...

Abstract Verifiable symmetric searchable encryption is a keyword search technology that supports verification of results. Many schemes improve performance by dividing each label into segments and storing them in Trie-tree at the expense high storage. And index will degenerate linear linked list when all labels have same prefix except for last segment. But it greatly affect efficiency. In this p...

Over the past few years, we are experiencing a surge of evolution problems related to legacy object-oriented systems. Object orientation provides means for systems to be well-designed to meet numerous non-functional quality requirements. However, mismanagement of the maintenance process and ill-planned modifications usually are amplified in an object-oriented context. The paper presents a re-en...

OBJECTIVES This study determined whether there is development of tachyphylaxis to enhancement of cardiorenal response to acute volume loading (AVL) with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) after 12-week, twice-daily subcutaneous BNP administration in patients with preclinical diastolic dysfunction (PDD). BACKGROUND PDD is characterized by normal systolic function and moderate or severe diastolic...

This paper presents an algorithm for predicting the arrival time of transit vehicles using a combination of both AVL and historical data. The algorithm is presented in its two components: tracking (using a Kalman filter framework) and prediction (using statistical estimation). The algorithm produces an estimate of the predicted arrival time for a given transit vehicle and provides a measure of ...

Abstract Perceived travel times of travelers are usually longer than actually realized times, implying that passengers’ experience time savings is different from objectively calculated savings. This study provides additional empirical evidence on this topic, by comparing the perceived reported in an (online) survey with their corresponding actual in-vehicle Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data...

This study falls under discourse analysis studies, focusing on using the academic register in Arabic research articles. Language refers to a form of language specific context. The use varies according structure and field. For example, is used scientific discourse, entertainment, politics, health. Using accurate appropriate terms vocabulary can demonstrate strength an article reporting results. ...

We present an immediate approach in hoping to bridge the gap between the difficulties of learning ordinary binary search trees and their height-balanced variants in the typical data structures class. Instead of balancing the heights of the two children, we balance the number of their nodes. The concepts and programming techniques required for the node-balanced tree are much easier than the AVL ...