in the private realm. Thus far, Canadians have chosen the ethical principle of distributive justice over that of autonomy as the foundation of their health care system. It will take a great deal of dedication and persistence from medicare’s supporters to keep this foundation from crumbling. A meaningful and accurate understanding of waiting lists that is transparent to physicians, patients and ...

Medical ethics as a scholarly discipline and a system of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine encompasses its practical application in clinical settings as well as work on its history, philosophy, theology, anthropology and sociology. As such there are a number of values in medical ethics such as autonomy, non-maleficence, confidentiality, dignity, honest...

Three main claims are made in this paper. First, it is argued that Onora O'Neill has uncovered a serious problem in the way medical ethicists have thought about both respect for autonomy and informed consent. Medical ethicists have tended to think that autonomous choices are intrinsically worthy of respect, and that informed consent procedures are the best way to respect the autonomous choices ...

BACKGROUND Patient autonomy has been promoted as the most important principle to guide difficult clinical decisions. To examine whether practising physicians indeed value patient autonomy above other considerations, physicians were asked to weight patient autonomy against three other criteria that often influence doctors' decisions. Associations between physicians' religious characteristics and...

Ethics tells us: do good and do no harm and invokes the norms of justice, equity and respect for autonomy in protecting and promoting health and well-being. The Precautionary Principle, a contemporary re-definition of Bradford Hill's case for action, gives us a common sense rule for doing good by preventing harm to public health from delay: when in doubt about the presence of a hazard, there sh...

A wide literature demonstrates that people prefer harm caused by omissions over equal or lesser harm caused by actions. This omission bias has been explained referring to several principles, such as causality or responsibility. A convincing research view has been suggested by Sunstein (2005): harmful acts are generally worse than harmful omissions when moral intuitions reflect the “Do not play ...

Jerry Fodor has argued that the multiple realizability argument, as discussed in his original “Special Sciences” article, “refutes psychophysical reductionism once and for all.” I argue that his argument in “Special Sciences” does no such thing. Furthermore, if one endorses the physicalism that most supporters of the “Special Sciences” view endorse, special science laws must be reducible, in pr...

learner autonomy has become the area of interest by many researchers of foreign language learning in the recent years. however, few studies have been done concerning the case of kurdish learners` autonomy in learning languages. for this reason, the current study addresses this gap. it intends to investigate to what extent kurdish learners are autonomous in learning english language. the study i...

In this paper, we develop a Cooperative Mobility Model that captures new salient features of collaborative and mission-oriented MANETs. In particular, the cost-benefit framework of our model is a significant advance in modelling heterogenous networks whose nodes exhibit the complete range of autonomy with respect to mobility. We then describe the design of CoopSim, a platform for conducting sim...

It has been recently claimed that explainability should be added as a fifth principle to AI ethics, supplementing the four principles are usually accepted in Bioethics: Autonomy, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence and Justice. We propose here with regard AI, on one hand is indeed new dimension of ethical concern paid attention to, while other hand, itself not necessarily considered an “principle”. thi...